GDP Project

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Format of the Project:

The Data Exercise must be posted to the LEO Student Assignments as a Attachments are limited to a maximum two files in doc, docx., xls. xlsx., or rtf. formats. OTHER FORMATS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE, will not be reviewed or graded.

Please note that hand-written and scanned works, pdf. files, jpg. files, as well as files posted in google drive, will not be accepted or graded.

Please note that starting from the Fall 2020 semester the UMGC moved to the 7th Edition of the APA Style. The links to the 7th Edition of the APA Style methodology are posted in Content – Course Resources – Writing Resources.

No more than 20% of the text of the project should be made up of quotes.

Please note that Use of the 7th Edition APA Citation Methodology is required for all parts of the assignment.

Written projects:

  1. Must be typed, double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman or Arial font, with one-inch margins
  2. Must have the title page in APA-7th style
  3. Must have in-text citations in APA-7th edition style
  4. Must have reference list in APA-7th edition style. Please note that you must reference the data you are using for the project
  5. Must be prepared using word processing software (Microsoft Word preferred)

Data exercise #1 Assignment

Consists of two parts.

Part 1: Expenditures Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 45% of the assignment grade)

BEA estimates the nation’s GDP for each year and each quarter. But new GDP statistics are released every month. Why? Because for each quarter, BEA estimates GDP three times. The advance estimate, coming about a month after the quarter’s end, is an early look based on the best information available at that time. The second estimate and third estimate each incorporate additional source data that weren’t available the month before, improving accuracy.( www.bea.gov).

BEA publishes estimates of levels at annual rates (for most series) for ease of comparisons with related and historical data. For example, in its February 2, 2004 personal income and outlays release, BEA estimated that personal income for December 2003 was $9,335.8 billion at an annual rate. This is easily compared to BEA’s estimates of personal income for the fourth quarter of 2003 ($9,312.6 billion, at an annual rate) and for the entire year of 2003 ($9,187.4 billion).(www.bea.gov).

Published

January 13, 2006

Complete the following exercise

Visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis website at www.bea.gov. From the drop-down menu under “Data”, click on “by Economics Account”.

Then click on “National”> “Gross Domestic Product > and “Full Release and Tables”. (To find “Full Release and Tables” you need to scroll down the page to the section “Current Release”.

Use table 3 (Gross Domestic Product: Level and Change from Preceding Period). Tables are located at the end of the Release, so you need to scroll all the way down to the tables.

The left columns are nominal GDP (and its components) and the right half represents real GDP (chained 2012 dollars).

  1. Create the table that contains the following information for the last available quarter. Please note that using the data for previous years and/or previous estimates will produce grade zero for this part of the project.

You need this information from both parts of the table 3- (nominal GDP (and its components) from left columns and real GDP (chained 2012 dollars) from the right part of the table 3). Omit the intermediate lines found in Table 3 on the web site.

  • Gross domestic product
  • Personal consumption expenditures
  • Gross private domestic investment
  • Net exports of goods and services
  • Government consumption expenditures and gross investment

b) Calculate the percentage (the proportion) of each category in nominal GDP and in real GDP.

Using Nominal GDP:

[Personal consumption expenditures / Nominal GDP]*100%

[Gross private domestic investment / Nominal GDP]*100%

[Net exports of goods and services / Nominal GDP]*100%

[Government consumption expenditures and gross investment/ Nominal GDP]*100%

And using Real GDP:

[Personal consumption expenditures / Real GDP]*100%

[Gross private domestic investment / Real]*100%

[Net exports of goods and services / Real GDP]*100%

[Government consumption expenditures and gross investment/ Real GDP]*100%

Present the information that you received (a) and (b) as a table(s) in your project. 

  1. Write a report (2 pages double – spaced), which contains an analysis of the results you received.

In this report consider, but do not be limited to the following:

  1. Why was the nominal GDP greater than the real GDP? By how much?
  2. GDP is composed of a number of categories. What category makes up the largest portion of GDP? What category makes up the smallest portion of GDP?
  3. What is “Gross private domestic investment”? What does gross private domestic investment measure?
  4. What is “Net exports of goods and services”? Why it is negative?
  5. In the left part of the table 3 (nominal GDP) find the category “National defense”. How much was the National defense for the last quarter? Calculate percentage of National defense out of “Government consumption expenditures and gross investment”. Calculate percentage of National defense out of GDP.
  6. Please analyze and discuss the significance of the data that you received for this Data exercise.
  7. Reflect on what you have learned from this exercise.

Part 2: Income Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 45% of the assignment grade)

Complete the following exercise:

Go to http://www.bea.gov/

Visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis website at www.bea.gov. From the drop-down menu under “Data”, click on “by Economics Account”. Then click on “National”, “Gross Domestic Product, and “Full Release and Tables”. Use table 7 (Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product, and National Income) and table 8 (Personal Income and its Disposition).

  1. Create the table that contains the following information for the last quarter where data required for this exercise is available.

Please note that using the data for previous years and/or previous estimates will produce grade zero for this part of the project.

Omit the intermediate lines found in Tables 7 and 8 on the web site.

  • Gross domestic product
  • Gross national product
  • Net national product (you should calculate it as Gross national product minus Consumption of fixed capital)
  • National income
  • Personal income
  • Personal Disposable Income
  • Personal Savings

Present the information that you received in your project.

2. Write a report in your own words (2 pages, double-spaced), which contains the analysis of the results you received. In this report consider, but do not be limited to the following:

  1. What is the difference between gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP)? What is the difference in what GDP measures compared to GNP?
  2. Based on the table, what calculations must you make to determine GNP from GDP?
  3. What is national income (NI)? What does NI measure?
  4. Which was higher in this year, GNP or NI? By how much?
  5. What calculations must you make to determine NI from GNP?
  6. NI is composed of a number of categories. What category makes up the largest portion of NI?
  7. What calculations must you make to determine Personal Income from National Income?
  8. What calculations must you make to determine Personal Disposable Income and Personal Savings?
  9. Please analyze and discuss the significance of the data that you received for this Data exercise.
  10. Reflect on what you have learned from this exercise.

PRESENTATION OF THE DATA EXERCISE AND USE OF APA CITATION METHODOLOGY (10%) of the project grade):

-Organization, Format and Presentation of the Data Exercise. The project should have the Title page. Each part of the Data Exercise must begin with sub-headings. Please use the sub-headings included in the assignment. Please use double space, with one-inch margins, and 12-point Times New Roman font. (3% of the project grade)

Use of Tables, Figures and Other Graphics to Summarize and Support Analysis Presented in the Paper. All tables and charts should have the numbering system, like “Table 1…”, the title, and the note to reference the source of the information. (3% of the project grade)

Research Sources and Significance of Research Information and Data, Use of APA Citation Methodology (4% of the project grade).

Discussion Board 2

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Critical Analysis Lab and Discussion Board: Addressing the consequences of prejudice and discrimination

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IMPORTANT:  Read through the entire instructions first and be sure you are answering the questions as asked.

DISCUSSION PROMPT:  Discuss one way you might address the problems that prejudice and discrimination pose for the United States today?  You may apply material related to race and ethnicity, gender or both in your initial discussion post.  (You must post your initial post first and then you will be able to see your classmates’ posts and respond to at least one of them)

Things you must do in your discussion post:

1.  First and foremost, you must draw directly from course material and support all claims with support from course material.  The discussion boards are intended to discuss course material and research.  When supporting claims you are making, provide the page number or section number you are drawing from to make a statement or claim.  You can say something like, “As stated in the textbook…”  or “As research has found…” and the provide the citation.  Minimize the use of direct quotations (no more than one or two short quotes)–everything should be in your own words.

2.  Specifically state the problem(s) that prejudice and discrimination pose that you will be trying to address.  You are focusing on the consequences or results of prejudice and discrimination in this discussion.  

3.  Specifically state the way you might address the problem(s).  Be specific–really think through how you might approach the problems posed.  Focusing on a specific area might help you answer this question easier as I know this is a huge question in general.

4.  Identify the perspective(s) you find yourself using–theoretically and politically as discussed in your textbook.  What kind of arguments are you making (functionalist?  conflict?  symbolic interactionist?  liberal?  conservative?  radical?)  Link the perspective to the specific ideas you are discussing.  You may start, for example, by saying something like, “From a functionalist perspective, I think that …. could be done.”; or you could say, “I find myself coming at these problems from a racialist perspective.  I say this because…”

Things you must not do in your discussion post:

1.  Personally attack your classmates for their views.

2.  Use slang or abbreviations.  This is an academic environment and as such formal, academic language is expected.

3.  Use information from outside course material.  Stick to your textbook material, videos, supplemental files provided on Canvas. 

**Note:  If you want to use information from an outside source, say to address a current event in your discussion post, you may email me and provide the source.  I will review it and get back to with approval or not.  Unapproved sources will result in points being deducted.

Refer back to the syllabus for netiquette guidelines for discussion boards for more detail

Minimum requirements:  Initial post:  2-3 full paragraphs

Concert Reflection

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Students are required to view on Youtube (or other video platform) one full musical concert and write a three-to five page response to the performance using the information and terminology you have learned in our class. This assignment should be typed in formal English and submitted through Blackboard.  It is due on or before midnight on Friday, April 30th (the last day of remote class).   Your chosen concert should pertain to western art music or other musical styles addressed in our class. Acceptable musical styles include all “classical” performances, opera performances, musical theater performances, jazz concerts, and concerts of non-western music (such as the music of Brazil, India, Africa, etc.).

Please consider utilizing the following analytical strategies in your paper. Discuss the items that are most important and relevant to your musical experience as you consider each work on the program (please feel free to include other observations as well):

• Please analyze the pieces using the five foundational questions from our textbook that guide our musical discussions: What is it? How does it work? What does it mean? What is its history? Where do we go from here?  

• What did you like and/or dislike about the performance? Why?  Please be honest and straight-forward, but justify your position. 

• Discuss the most prominent musical features of the particular compositions. Please consider information learned in the introduction of your textbook and apply these musical concepts (melody, harmony, rhythm, texture, form, style, etc.).

• Discuss the instrumentation of specific works and how it was exploited for aesthetic effect.

• Discuss the musical features of the compositions as they relate to the historical period of the work. 

• Discuss the importance of knowing the program in a programmatic work.

• Discuss the role of the conductor (if there is one) and how he/she led the ensemble.

• Discuss your level of interest and how it increased or decreased during the performance. Relate any observations you may have about the concert atmosphere, audience members and concert etiquette issues.

Please do not be overly concerned about the accuracy of your statements, as I would rather have you make an inaccurate aural assessment rather than avoid these issues entirely. I want you to test your ear and challenge yourself to listen more actively. This activity requires practice

just reply to the discussions

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Reply to discussion replies, please label by parts 

Part 1 6 DB

The two changes that I would make to the classroom instruction when preparing for the web will be lectures will be detailed and the feedback from the students.

Response: The first change would be the way lectures are given I will use different ways to reach the students way of clips from videos, puzzles, think aloud, and other aspects that may reach the students instead of the traditional way. Having access to the web has opened up so many ways that teachers and students could interact with one another. Also, keeping the lectures short straight to the point, breaking the lessons into sections, and and give the students the options to self assess what is being taught by highlighting what they learned. What exactly is a web lecture? A web lecture is the live recording of a lecture. This will take place in a standard lecture space while you deliver your lecture as normal. Web lectures are usually used to support students, enabling them to revisit a lecture if they didn’t grasp something first time around or if they were unable to attend.

Feedback from the students, is very important as well because it opens up the communication with teacher and students to gain a better understanding of what is reaching the classes and what steps needed to ensure that the lecture is effective. Most feedback from the students is frown upon because some teachers feel as if their way is the right and only way. Considering the students perspective can and will only help the teacher/classroom upgrade by not limiting the way others learn but enhance the skills of different learners that are not use to being in front of a computer for that many hours.

Part 7 DB 

Select a single evaluation type that you believe would be ideal for your project. Describe the audience and the intended outcome of the evaluation. Provide at least one example for your project. (Note: Be sure to include the title of your project and a brief description to provide your classmates with context for their responses.)

Response: Confirmative evaluation is conducive for my project which is  ” how to improve adult learner perspective in education and the value it has”as this type of evaluation provides continuous and multiple data-gathering instruments  (Tiem, Moseley, & Dessignger, 2004).  Research provides the major purpose of confirmative evaluation is to provide continuous quality control over the life cycle of the performance improvement package. Confirmative evaluation does this by placing a value on the endurance of the performance improvement package and by helping the decision makers establish what to do next (Tiem, Moseley, & Dessignger, 2004) .  Additionally,  There are two viewpoints on when to use confirmative evaluation (Tiem, Moseley, & Dessignger, 2004) . The first views confirmative evaluation as an extension of formative evaluation, and the second views confirmative evaluation as a separate and distinct form of evaluation that goes beyond formative and summative evaluation. Confirmative evaluation allows for performers and the organization rate the criticality, complexity, or frequency of a performance as eight or higher on a scale of 1-10, then confirmative evaluation of any intervention to improve that performance should be conducted every six months after implementation.

Confirmative assessment examples:  High-stakes exams, and term papers.  

Studies suggest school districts use their own assessment methods to measure the success of their own programs against national standards or to monitor individual student learning. Bottomline if you align all these different types of assessment with learning goals, you can welcome change at all levels of the education system. The combination gives educators a clear direction. Furthermore, it could serve as a catalyst for positive instructional or curricular change. 

Part 8 DB 

Project title: Rural Communities and The Lack Of Resources.

Background on summative evaluation is basically how the students are grasp the learning and caught on to what has been given in a lesson. Using summative evaluation in my project for rural communities that lack resources by highlighting the importance of trainings and the communities coming together raising awareness by pinpointing and formulate plans that will support rural communities.

Based on the evaluation in my project the process will be: Educate the community with introducing training programs the will provide more jobs, setting up students by providing classroom materials that lack in the rural schools, and also highlight how this impact in rural communities effect the growth in the communities. 

Response: Theory based evaluation is an approach to evaluation a conceptual analytical model and not a specific method or technique. It is a way of structuring and undertaking analysis in an evaluation. A theory of change explains how an intervention is expected to produce its results, in my project will highlight rural schools in communities. My project will also aim to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic achievement at the conclusion in Chapter 14. The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. Summative assessments are often high stakes, which means that they have a high point value. Most communities when not introduced to higher education the people pass down that to their children and become stuck in rural areas will little to none higher education. Summative assessment in a evaluation creates the option of Pros and the Cons so the people could invest in the education system especially in rural areas. It is very important to create programs that will support the rural communities.

 

One learning theory:Constructivism learning theory.

Part 10 DB 

  • The planning of an      instructional design project requires a scope of work, scheduling and      resource allocation, and budgeting. Examine three main challenges      that an instructional designer might encounter when preparing a project      plan. Suggest ways to overcome or address these challenges in your own      project.

As stated however the time required to complete each task is a function of the nature of the task as it relates to my topic of adult resources or the lack thereof.  The reading provides there are two types of tasks: fixed duration and variable duration. Fixed-duration tasks take a set amount of time. For example, viewing a 30-minute video recording will take 30 minutes. Other tasks have a variable duration; these are referred to as resource-driven tasks (Stevenson & Marmel, 1997).  With my project I can reduce the amount of time it takes to complete a resource-driven task by adding more resources. According to some researchers for example, it might take one graphic artist four days to complete 16 drawings, but the 16 drawings can be completed in one day by using four graphic artists. It still takes a total of four days of effort; it just happens that all “four days” of effort happen on the same day, and that shortens the project’s timeline. Each additional graphic artist, however, must have a shared understanding of the project concept to ensure that the designs produced are consistent; otherwise, adding more resources can actually slow down a project rather than improve efficiency as these can be some of the notably problematic concerns while working on  this project .

Applied Managerial Finance_Assessment3

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An 8-10 slide presentation to your staff describing your analysis, linking what tools you utilized and why you chose those tools. You will use data to support your evidence-base financial decisions. You will also explain your recommendations to maximize stakeholder value, translating those to tactical outcomes to be implemented by your staff.

Introduction

This assessment builds on your prior work in Assessments 1 and 2. It is a presentation to your staff describing you analysis, linking what tools you utilized and why you chose those tools. You will use data to support your evidence-base financial decisions. You will also explain your recommendations to maximize stakeholder value, translating those to tactical outcomes to be implemented by your staff.

  • Apply the theories, models, and practices of finance to the financial management of an organization.
  • Analyze financing strategies to maximize stakeholder value.
  • Apply financial analyses to business planning and decision making.
  • Use data to support evidence-based financial decisions.

Scenario

The senior leadership has approved your recommendations to move forward. You are now tasked with operationalizing your recommendations. Meeting with your staff, you will translate recommendations to strategies and corresponding tactical objectives. You will explain how you used financial analysis to develop these recommendations, discussing the financial tools you will use to monitor implementation progress. 

Your Role

You are one of the high-performing financial analyst managers at ABC Healthcare Corporation and are under consideration for a promotion to Director of Operations.

Requirements

Follow these steps to complete this presentation:

  • You are presenting to your staff a summary of the reports presented to senior leadership (Assessments 1 and 2).
  • Start by presenting the overall current financial condition of the company as presented to senior leadership (one to two slides).
  • Provide an overview of your analysis, linking what tools (financial statements, ratios, industry trends, capital structure) you utilized and why you chose these tools (two slides).
  • Link the data used to support your evidence-based financial decisions, providing justification for the recommendations (two slides).
  • State the recommendations focused on maximizing stakeholder value into strategies newly adopted by the company, i.e., expansion to a new geographical market, the development of a new dividend policy, changes in capital expenditures, reduction of workforce (one slide).
  • Translate those strategies to tactical objectives to be implemented by your staff, noting evidenced-based academic citations (one to two slides).
  • Discuss what financial tools you will use to monitor the progress of these tactics (one slide).

Deliverable Format

  • Be sure to use a bullet format in your slides but also include detailed narrative supported by relevant literature citations in the notes section.
  • Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message and quality.
  • Use at least three scholarly resources. 
  • Length: 8–10 content slides in addition to title and reference slides.
  • Use 12 point, Times New Roman. 

Week 2 Discussion: Critic of the Arts

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Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

  • Textbook: Chapter 3, 4
  • Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Initial Post Instructions
Select a work of art from any of the chapters in our textbook, and write a response that analyzes the art through the lens of a descriptive critic, an interpretive critic, and an evaluative critic. What different things would these critics have to say? Use the following guidelines:

  • Descriptive Critic: Address at least 3 different elements of art and/or principles of design.
  • Interpretive Critic: This will require research so that you can understand the subject, meaning, and intent of the work.
  • Evaluative Critic: Use the standards of perfection, insight, and inexhaustibility (as described in the text).

Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification. Provide feedback on whether you agree or disagree with their criticism. Explain why. Build on their posts by providing additional insight of your own. If your peer selected the same artwork as you, make sure to address new point or develop existing points in more depth.

Writing Requirements

  • Minimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up)
  • Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source)
  • APA format for in-text citations and list of references

I need a assignment for week 9 that has 2 parts 1 and 2 that has slides for my Retain. Develop, Retain and Access class

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 Assignment 4: Keeping the Talent Part I – Slide Deck (Weight: 15%) Due Week 9, Day 7 

Part II – Zoom Presentation (Weight: 10%) Due Week 10, Day 7 INTRODUCTION Recruiting and retaining top talent is a key strategic goal for any organization. A strong company brand, effective leadership, and a positive workplace culture are important elements in attracting and retaining top talent. How can HR contribute to building an organization that attracts and retains top talent? ASSIGNMENT 4, PART I INSTRUCTIONS (Slide Deck) Your company has a new CHRO, who has been in the position for 6 months. One of the areas he is tasked to improve is retention of top talent. Employee turnover has been high in recent years and it is negatively affecting the company’s profitability and competitiveness. You are the VP of Talent and the CHRO has asked you to help him prepare a presentation to the Board, outlining a vision for changes to increase retention. The CHRO previously worked for Google and he subscribes to their model of a “high-freedom” company. He wants to use ideas from Bock’s Work Rules, from his book of that name, as the basis for his presentation. As a reminder, the ten Work Rules are: 1. Give your work meaning. 2. Trust your people. 3. Hire only people who are better than you. 4. Don’t confuse development with managing performance. 5. Focus on the two tails. 6. Be frugal and generous. 7. Pay unfairly. 8. Nudge. 9. Manage the rising expectations. 10. Enjoy! And then go back to No. 1 and start again. Research the topics in the list above, in relation to your workplace, or a company that interests you. Based on your findings, select the four topics where you believe that change would be most impactful. Develop recommendations for implementing changes in those four areas. Identify how the changes you are proposing will attract and retain top talent. Consider how success will be measured for each topic. Consider the most likely challenges and resistance to the changes you are proposing, and identify ways to manage and mitigate those issues.  

Virtual Preparing For Baby Interviews

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Your task for this assignment is to interview one mother AND one father to ask them about their experience preparing for the birth of their first child. Please note that you do not need to interview a couple, although you can (in other words, these can be unrelated individuals who are parents to different children, or they can be a couple). Spend about 1/2 an hour interviewing each one VIRTUALLY, either by phone or via video, asking the following questions: 

1. What was your reaction when you found out you were going to be a parent?
2. Did you have any concerns, fears, or worries about you, your partner, or the baby?
3. How did your feelings change over the period of pregnancy?
4. Did you participate in any formal preparation for childbirth or parenting, such as Lamaze or parenting classes?
5. Tell me about the day your child was born.
6. How was the first month of parenting? Did you feel were you were prepared, or were there surprises?
7. What advice would you give to expectant parents?

Please take notes during your interview. When your interview is complete, write up a summary of the answers given for each question by each parent.

After the summary is complete, write a 2 to 3 page reflection on what you have learned from the interview, incorporating ideas, concepts and quotes from the text. Make sure to address how you believe the experience of these parents might affect/have affected the social and emotional development of their children in at least one paragraph.

saleLizwk5

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  Reply to this discussion use references

Be sure that the responses to the  Post of peers include 2 peer reviewed references with content that demonstrates critical analysis and synthesis of references used.  

Big Data Analytics (BDA) is a set of techniques, technologies, systems, processes, procedures, and applications for analyzing large quantities of data to aid a business in better understanding its business, market, and making timely decisions (Galetsi, Katsaliaki, & Kumar, 2019). 

Healthcare has constantly been inundated with a massive quantity of complex data that comes in at a breakneck speed. Data from hospitals and healthcare providers, medical insurance, medical devices, life sciences, and health research are produced in many industries in the health sector. With the progress in technology, the use of this data for healthcare transformation is enormous. Using analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence over extensive data allows trends and correlations to be identified and thus offers actionable insights into improving healthcare delivery (Mehta, Pandit, & Shukla, 2019).

For instance, healthcare data management may benefit organizations in areas such as the development of effective drugs and devices for patient well-being, fraud detection in billing, and service speed, as well as society in addressing global health issues such as disease prevention, public health surveillance, and timely provision of essential medical services during emergencies. (Galetsi, Katsaliaki, & Kumar, 2019).

Potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system

To provide the best possible patient outcomes, nurses are critical to patient care quality and safety. Nurses need to access and analyze a large amount of data about their patients and their treatment to make educated practice choices (Glassman, 2017). However, the high volume digital flow of information being produced in healthcare complicates the equation (Wang, Kung, & Byrd, 2018). 

Big data analytics is being utilized in health care to enhance efficiency and quality, resulting in better healthcare practices and patient results. For example, it would be critical to learn more about each patient, such as if they had any other illnesses or diseases (comorbidities) that might influence their results and age, gender, educational level, and so on. The information gathered can create a more comprehensive set of evidence-based recommendations and support decision-making (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). 

Competence in informatics enables nurses to communicate, manage knowledge, reduce error, and enhance decision-making at the point of care by using information and technology (Glassman, 2017). Thus, healthcare providers seek appealing IT products that may combine organisationally reliable resources with a high level of patient experience, improve corporate performance and perhaps even create new, more profitable business models powered by data. (Wang, Kung, & Byrd, 2018).

Potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system 

The most frequently reported challenges include data management, security, and privacy. Because of the fast creation of new kinds of data and the ease with which data can be transferred and shared, data privacy has become more relevant in recent years (Galetsi, Katsaliaki, & Kumar, 2019).

Healthcare big data analytics, maybe more than other fields, is prone to integrity and privacy breaches. The utilization of private health information (PHI) is required for big data analytics in health care. Practitioners must guarantee that such data do not contain any patient-specific information and preserve confidentiality (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017).

While most nations have laws to safeguard patients’ data from improper use, this merely requires healthcare practitioners to avoid collecting specific identifying characteristics. Even in the United States, HIPAA permits hospitals to deviate from the regulations if they have a compelling reason—which seems difficult to comprehend in healthcare big data gathering. Additionally, informed consent may be receiving less scrutiny from patients and doctors. Medical devices/implants used in healthcare emit wireless readings that may be intercepted. For instance, when a patient is driving through a weigh station, toll bridge, parking lot, or border crossing, their data may be read without their knowledge or permission (Strang & Sun, 2020).

Strategy to mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data 

Encryption may be a solution to this prevalent big data privacy issue in the healthcare sector as software and hardware develop to make it quicker and cheaper. For example, as computing power increases, encryption methods will grow faster, allowing for more real-time usage. Additionally, a government-managed security clearance network may establish a link between healthcare devices/implants and an external system (Strang & Sun, 2020). 

Legislation governing data protection varies by the nation since each country safeguards medical and health-related data differently. Data generated through interactions with recognized professionals, such as lawyers, physicians, professors, researchers, accountants, investment managers, and project managers, or through online consumer transactions, is governed by laws requiring informed consent and drawing on the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPP) legislation (Strang & Sun, 2020).

Most industrialized nations have laws to safeguard individual privacy in big healthcare data, such as the HIPAA rules under the Privacy Rule of 2003 in the United States. For example, HIPAA mandates healthcare providers to erase 18 different identifiers from patient data, such as birthdates, vehicle serial numbers, picture URLs, and voice prints (Strang & Sun, 2020).

DATABASES QUESTIONS

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QUESTION 1

 Given the following business scenario, create a Crow’s Foot ERD using a specialization hierarchy if appropriate. Two-Bit Drilling Company keeps information on employees and their insurance dependents. Each employee has an employee number, name, date of hire, and title. If an employee is an inspector, then the date of certification and certification renewal date should also be recorded in the system. For all employees, the Social Security number and dependent names should be kept. All dependents must be associated with one and only one employee. Some employees will not have dependents, while others will have many dependents. 

 Make sure that the file is saved as ch5_problem1_deleon.doc

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QUESTION 2

 Given the following business scenario, create a Crow’s Foot ERD using a specialization hierarchy if appropriate. Tiny Hospital keeps information on patients and hospital rooms. The system assigns each patient a patient ID number. In addition, the patient’s name and date of birth are recorded. Some patients are resident patients who spend at least one night in the hospital, and others are outpatients who are treated and released. Resident patients are assigned to a room. Each room is identified by a room number. The system also stores the room type (private or semiprivate) and room fee. Over time, each room will have many patients. Each resident patient will stay in only one room. Every room must have had a patient, and every resident patient must have a room. 

Make sure that the file is saved as ch5_problem2_deleon.doc

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QUESTION 3

 Given the following business scenario, create a Crow’s Foot ERD using a specialization hierarchy if appropriate. Granite Sales Company keeps information on employees and the departments in which they work. For each department, the department name, internal mail box number, and office phone extension are kept. A department can have many assigned employees, and each employee is assigned to only one department. Employees can be salaried, hourly, or work on contract. All employees are assigned an employee number, which is kept along with the employee’s name and address. For hourly employees, hourly wages and target weekly work hours are stored; for example, the company may target 40 hours/week for some employees, 32 for others, and 20 for others. Some salaried employees are salespeople who can earn a commission in addition to their base salary. For all salaried employees, the yearly salary amount is recorded in the system. For salespeople, their commission percentage on sales and commission percentage on profit are stored in the system. For example, John is a salesperson with a base salary of $50,000 per year plus a 2 percent commission on the sales price for all sales he makes, plus another 5 percent of the profit on each of those sales. For contract employees, the beginning date and end date of their contracts are stored along with the billing rate for their hours. 

Make sure that the file is saved as ch5_problem3_deleon.doc

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QUESTION 4

Modify the design shown in Figure 4.35 to include these business rules:

  • An employee could be staff, a professor, or an administrator.
  • A professor may also be an administrator.
  • Staff employees have a work-level classification, such as Level I or Level II.
  • Only professors can chair a department. A department is chaired by only one professor.
  • Only professors can serve as the dean of a college. Each of the university’s colleges is served by one dean.
  • A professor can teach many classes.
  • Administrators have a position title.

Given that information, create the complete ERD that contains all primary keys, foreign keys, and main attributes. 

SEE ATTACHED FILE : https://cnow.apps.ng.cengage.com/ilrn/books/co3ds13h/Images/image044.gif

Make sure that the file is saved as ch5_problem4_deleon.doc

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QUESTION 5

 Tiny College wants to keep track of the history of all its administrative appointments, including dates of appointment and dates of termination. (Hint: Time- variant data is at work.) The Tiny College chancellor may want to know how many deans worked in the College of Business between January 1, 1960, and January 1, 2018, or who the dean of the College of Education was in 1990. Given that information, create the complete ERD that contains all primary keys, foreign keys, and main attributes.
 

Make sure that the file is saved as ch5_problem5_deleon.doc

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QUESTION 6

 Some Tiny College staff employees are information technology (IT) personnel. Some IT personnel provide technology support for academic programs, some provide technology infrastructure support, and some provide support for both. IT personnel are not professors; they are required to take periodic training to retain their technical expertise. Tiny College tracks all IT personnel training by date, type, and results (completed versus not completed). Given that information, create the complete ERD that contains all primary keys, foreign keys, and main attributes. 

Make sure that the file is saved as ch5_problem6_deleon.doc

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QUESTION 7

The FlyRight Aircraft Maintenance (FRAM) division of the FlyRight Company (FRC) performs all maintenance for FRC’s aircraft. Produce a data model segment that reflects the following business rules:

  • All mechanics are FRC employees. Not all employees are mechanics.
  • Some mechanics are specialized in engine (EN) maintenance. Others are specialized in airframe (AF) maintenance or avionics (AV) maintenance. (Avionics are the electronic components of an aircraft that are used in communication and navigation.) All mechanics take periodic refresher courses to stay current in their areas of expertise. FRC tracks all courses taken by each mechanic—date, course type, certification (Y/N), and performance.
  • FRC keeps an employment history of all mechanics. The history includes the date hired, date promoted, and date terminated. Given those requirements, create the Crow’s Foot ERD segment.

Make sure that the file is saved as ch5_problem7_deleon.doc