2-2 

Assignment 

Assignment: Criminal Profiling Methods in Action

You can choice one 

Criminal investigative analysts must ask many questions before they determine the type of approach to use to investigate a crime. Is there enough evidentiary information to formulate a theory on why the crime occurred? Who might have committed the crime, based on deductive reasoning? Are there any general premises that can be inductively applied? Would descriptive statistics (i.e., UCR, local demographic) be useful? Would group statistics (i.e., types of sexual offenders) be useful? The answers to these questions will help determine the best possible method to use in investigating the crime.

In this Assignment, you will determine the best approach to use in investigating a high-profile case in the news.

To prepare for this Assignment:

• Review the Learning Resources concerning concepts of criminal profiling.
• Select a high-profile criminal case currently in the media. This could be a homicide, sexual assault, or other violent crime.

By Day 7

In a 2- to 3-page paper

• Briefly, describe the case and provide a link to where you found the case information.
• Explain whether you would use deductive or inductive reasoning while profiling the offender and why.
• Explain how you would use nomothetic or ideographic methods to investigate the crime.
• Explain whether you would use a clinical or actuarial approach (or both) and why.
• Support your responses with references from the Learning Resources. Justify your rationale with examples.

SOME READING 

Bartol, C. R. & Bartol, A. M. (2010). Criminal & behavioral profiling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

• Chapter 2, “Crime Scene Profiling” (pp. 21–56)

Turvey, B. E. (2012). Criminal profiling: An introduction to behavioral evidence analysis (4th ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

• Chapter 3, “Alternative Methods of Criminal Profiling” (pp. 67–100)

Carson, D. (2011). Investigative psychology and law: Towards collaboration by focusing on evidence and inferential reasoning. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 8(1), 74–89. doi:10.1002/jip.133

Devery, C. (2010). Criminal profiling and criminal investigation. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 26(4), 393–409. doi:10.1177/1043986210377108

Kocsis, R. N., & Palermo, G. B. (2016). Criminal profiling as expert witness evidence: The implications of the profiler validity research. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 49(Part A), 55–65. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.05.011

Kocsis, R. N., & Palermo, G. B. (2015). Disentangling criminal profiling: Accuracy, homology, and the myth of trait-based profiling. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(3), 313–332. doi:10.1177/0306624X13513429

Consider your topic of interest and the purpose for exploring this topic.

My topic of interest is how to avoid unnecessary urinary catheter use and effectively implement safe catheter care with chlorhexidine gluconate wipes to prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in Long Term Acute Care patients. CAUTI has been a menace to the healthcare settings. Inappropriate and prolonged use of indwelling urinary catheter is a major risk factor for CAUTI, as the IUC poses a “daily bacteriuria risk of about 3-7 percent which rises to 25 percent in one week, and quadruple to 100 percent if the IUC stays inserted” (Gesmundo, 2016). Additionally, the financial burden for treating CAUTI is huge on the healthcare facilities compare to the cost of prevention. Treatment is “approximately $1000 and Medicare has declined to reimbursed hospital for the cost” (Hollenbeak and Schilling, 2018). Thus, preventing CAUTI should be the goal.

Nurses occupy an important position in the prevention of CAUTI, as “they deliver a huge part of daily catheter cares” (Gesmundo, 2016).  It is therefore essential that nurses are equipped with the necessary knowledge to critically assess patients, in all health care settings for therapeutic indications of IUC, and implement scientifically proven evidence-based catheter management care. This will change the current perception and culture of IUC, thereby enhancing safe catheter use and care.

What outcomes would you like to see emerge from this?

From this study, it would be expected that nurses have increased understanding of CDC recommendation and guidelines for appropriate use of an indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) by critically assessing patients for the therapeutic indication for IUC, perform efficient catheter care with CHG wipes during insertion and after, as well as ensure timely discontinuation of use to prevents CAUTI.

How would you measure these outcomes?

Aiken et. al (2016) submitted that outcomes can be measured using “patient mortality, patient ratings of care, care quality, patient safety, adverse events, and nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction”. For my study, the incidence of CAUTI after hospital admission, mortality, and morbidity due to CAUTI would be used in measuring the outcomes. Center of Diseases Control and Prevention (2020) submits that “15-25% of the hospitalized patient gets a urinary catheter inserted during their hospital stay and approximately 75% of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) acquired in the hospital is due to a urinary catheter”. Also, “more than 560,000 patients develop CAUTI each year, leading to extended hospital stays increased health care costs, patient morbidity, and mortality” (American Nurse Association, n.d). While measuring the outcomes, patients will be closely monitored, rate/prevalence of CAUTI, and morbidity and mortality associated with CAUTI  documented. Nurses must ensure optimal care for hospitalized patients by preventing CAUTI thereby meeting the “US Department of Health and Human Services’ goals of reducing healthcare-associated infections” (Krein, Kowalski, Harrod, Forman, and Saint, 2013).

This week we learned about what it means to be an advocate, as well as the different types of advocacy, and how to advocate in a sociologically mindful way. 

For this discussion, you are going to create an advocacy message related to the social justice issue of your choice to share with me and your peers. An advocacy message is a core statement that you would use to define your advocacy mission to the public. This is critical to ensuring that people understand what you are about and what you want to accomplish. The message created here is different from creating an entire advocacy campaign – that would entail building a team, having a timeline, developing activities, budgeting, etc. all along with the message. For this discussion, you are just laying the groundwork as though you were considering creating a campaign.

Steps to creating an advocacy message:

1) Open with a statement that engages your readers. You want something attention grabbing. Using a dramatic fact is a good way to lead-in! This should only be one or two sentences.

2) Present the problem. Describe the issue and who it impacts.

3) Provide facts and data. Consider your audience. In this case – college students. Look for facts that are relevant to your audience in some way. 

4) Share a story or provide an example of the problem. This makes your message more compelling. Putting a human face on the issue is an easy way to get people to care.

5) Connect the issue to your audience. Why should they care about this social issue – how is it relevant to them?

6) Make your request – state what the audience can do to help. This could be as simple as sharing a hashtag, or something more serious like donating money (not in real life – no money will be exchanged here!).

Write this discussion as though it is a document you are going to share to gain interest in your social issue. In other words, do not begin with “Hello, peers!” Act as though this document is the beginning of an advocacy campaign. 

Looking for an example? You may be familiar with the infamous Carole Baskin with Big Cat Rescue (shown on the Netflix documentary Tiger King). Check out this page (Links to an external site.) from her website and notice where she hits the key points as mentioned above in the ‘steps to creating an advocacy message.’ Your discussion assignment does not need to be nearly this thorough, but this is a great example. There is also a section starting on the bottom of page 198 at this link (Links to an external site.) that discusses how to create an advocacy message.

Please see attached book reading

Assignment Overview

For this assignment you will have the opportunity to conduct an experiment, or quasi-experiment, in order to explore deviance in our society. As we learned this week, deviance is ”any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs” (Kendall, 2013, p. 180). Cultural norms are behaviors and expectations for a group and fall into three categories: folkways, mores, and laws. For this assignment you will explore society’s reaction to a folkway violation. You will then utilize the textbook, online materials, and the South Online Library in order to write a two-page essay on the deviant (not criminal) experience.

Below you will find a step-by-step guide for completing this paper:

• First, review the sections on Research Ethics and the subsection on Testing a Hypothesis under the section Research Methods in chapter one of your text in order to familiarize yourself with sociological experiments. Then, begin this assignment by choosing a folkway to violate. Examples include (and there are many folkways to choose from): wearing the other gender’s clothing, speaking a foreign language to an English speaker, sitting with a stranger at a restaurant, and eating dinner with your hands. Be sure to ask your facilitator if you are unsure if the norm you choose to violate is appropriate for this assignment. Here is an example of a norm violation for you to watch.
• Violate your chosen folkway (not a law) in at least one situation and document it with pictures, video, and/or notes. Be sure to note how you feel when you violate the norm, as well as other people’s reactions to the violation. If you do not receive adequate data (reactions) in one situation, try it again in another.
• Write an organized essay that explores the norm you violated, how you felt while being deviant, and the reactions you received while you were violating the norm. You should then analyze the experience, including the theories of deviance presented in the text. Your paper should also include an introduction with a thesis and a conclusion that reviews all main points you present.

Assignment alternative: you may choose to do a reflection paper on an instance when you have been deviant in the past. A reflection paper must contain analysis and integrate concepts from the text. Review the grading criteria to ensure that your reflection paper contains all of the necessary components.

Remember to use APA format for the essay style as well as in-text citations and when listing the references. Submit your 2–5-page essay (maximum 12 pt. font)

   Case Study:Sigmund Freud(PDF)

CASE STUDY

Steve is sitting at a restaurant table waiting for his date to come back from the restroom, As he waits, he imagines what the rest of the evening will be like. The restaurant they are eating at is one of those little Italian places with red-and-white checkered tablecloths and candles in Chianti bottles. A violin player strolls around the tables playing romantic music. Steve considers that these types of restaurants always work well for him. His date would be charmed by the atmosphere and begin to feel romantic. This would allow Steve to make his move, and typically, he and his date would end up at either his apartment or hers for a night of great sex. 

Steve is 38, of Italian-American descent, and single: a bachelor by choice, but his friends worry about his happiness. They wonder if Steve is unable to form a long-term relationship, that he has a fear of commitment and an addiction to sex and the passion that marks the beginning of relationships. They also wonder whether Steve’s strained relationship with his mother is at least partly to blame for his behavior. Steve’s mother, while caring for his physical needs, was not openly affectionate and did not give Steve the demonstrative affection and loving interaction he craved. They wonder if his anger toward her and her negligent behavior toward Steve is being manifested as anger toward women in general.

Steve has been a flirt ever since puberty. In high school, he had a reputation for insincerity. Girls were attracted to him; he was handsome and spent a lot of time and money on his appearance. Unbeknownst to his friends, however, Steve secretly feared that he was unattractive, so he did what he could to improve his looks.

The girls he asked out always had a good time on their dates, but it soon became known that he would always pressure his dates for sex and, in many cases, tell them that he loved them to convince them to have sex. He was also rumored to have made one girl pregnant and then claimed that it was not his child. To his close male friends, he said that she was not going to tie him down, that “there were too many women and not enough time.” This pattern of relationships continued during college. He would date women, have sex with them a few times, and then break off the relationship. He estimated that by the time he was 21, he had sex with about eight dozen women. He bragged about this among his male friends.

After college, and through the present time, Steve also continued to form relationships with women that were based on sexual attraction and nothing more substantial. One by one, he watched his male friends settle down and commit to one woman. Every time this happened, he would express astonishment and disbelief, stating that his friends were being duped and that no one would make him live with one woman for the rest of his life. When women agreed to go out with him or go to bed with him, Steve felt attractive, and no one was going to take that away from him. In fact, Steve secretly feared that no woman would find him attractive enough to marry. He believed that these women went out with him initially to get a free meal and would soon want to break up with him when someone better came around. So, he broke up with them first.

His friends believed that Steve’s latest sexual interest, Diane, would be the one he would marry. She seemed to be all that any man could hope for. She was pretty, smart, caring, and had a good sense of humor. Steve had been dating her for a longer time than he typically dated women, and his friends thought that he was finally growing up and settling down. As it turns out, the relationship lasted longer than usual because she was reluctant to have sex with him. She finally did after a couple of months when she was convinced that Steve really loved her and was not just using her for sex. Unfortunately, Diane should have trusted her initial instincts. Steve broke up with her after they had sex on three different occasions.

His present date was a woman he met at the gym where he worked out. She was very attractive, with a great body. He used to date women he met at work, but after someone accused him of sexual harassment, he decided to no longer date women from work. He was angered by the specific accusation and the hype associated with sexual harassment in general. A man just couldn’t follow his instincts anymore without the possibility of losing his job. At least he could still meet women at other places.  

CASE STUDY

Steve is sitting at a restaurant table waiting for his date to come bac from the restroom, As he waits, he imagines what the rest of the evening will be like. The restaurant they are eating at is one of those little Italian places with red-and-white checkered tablecloths and candles in Chianti bottles. A violin player strolls around the tables playing romantic music. Steve considers that these types of restaurants always work well for him. His date would be charmed by the atmosphere and begin to feel romantic. This would allow Steve to make his move, and typically, he and his date would end up at either his apartment or hers for a night of great sex. 

Steve is 38, of Italian-American descent, and single: a bachelor by choice, but his friends worry about his happiness. They wonder if Steve is unable to form a long-term relationship, that he has a fear of commitment and an addiction to sex and the passion that marks the beginning of relationships. They also wonder whether Steve’s strained relationship with his mother is at least partly to blame for his behavior. Steve’s mother, while caring for his physical needs, was not openly affectionate and did not give Steve the demonstrative affection and loving interaction he craved. They wonder if his anger toward her and her negligent behavior toward Steve is being manifested as anger toward women in general.

Steve has been a flirt ever since puberty. In high school, he had a reputation for insincerity. Girls were attracted to him; he was handsome and spent a lot of time and money on his appearance. Unbeknownst to his friends, however, Steve secretly feared that he was unattractive, so he did what he could to improve his looks.

The girls he asked out always had a good time on their dates, but it soon became known that he would always pressure his dates for sex and, in many cases, tell them that he loved them to convince them to have sex. He was also rumored to have made one girl pregnant and then claimed that it was not his child. To his close male friends, he said that she was not going to tie him down, that “there were too many women and not enough time.” This pattern of relationships continued during college. He would date women, have sex with them a few times, and then break off the relationship. He estimated that by the time he was 21, he had sex with about eight dozen women. He bragged about this among his male friends.

After college, and through the present time, Steve also continued to form relationships with women that were based on sexual attraction and nothing more substantial. One by one, he watched his male friends settle down and commit to one woman. Every time this happened, he would express astonishment and disbelief, stating that his friends were being duped and that no one would make him live with one woman for the rest of his life. When women agreed to go out with him or go to bed with him, Steve felt attractive, and no one was going to take that away from him. In fact, Steve secretly feared that no woman would find him attractive enough to marry. He believed that these women went out with him initially to get a free meal and would soon want to break up with him when someone better came around. So, he broke up with them first.

His friends believed that Steve’s latest sexual interest, Diane, would be the one he would marry. She seemed to be all that any man could hope for. She was pretty, smart, caring, and had a good sense of humor. Steve had been dating her for a longer time than he typically dated women, and his friends thought that he was finally growing up and settling down. As it turns out, the relationship lasted longer than usual because she was reluctant to have sex with him. She finally did after a couple of months when she was convinced that Steve really loved her and was not just using her for sex. Unfortunately, Diane should have trusted her initial instincts. Steve broke up with her after they had sex on three different occasions.

His present date was a woman he met at the gym where he worked out. She was very attractive, with a great body. He used to date women he met at work, but after someone accused him of sexual harassment, he decided to no longer date women from work. He was angered by the specific accusation and the hype associated with sexual harassment in general. A man just couldn’t follow his instincts anymore without the possibility of losing his job. At least he could still meet women at other places.

submit a 2- to 3-page paper that includes the following:

• Briefly explain Freud’s views on the levels and structure of personality in general.
• Analyze how Freud’s ideas explain Steve’s behavior. In your answer, be sure to identify the stage of psychosexual development in which Steve is likely fixated.
• Based on what you have studied so far, evaluate how well you think psychoanalytic theories explain human behavior in general.