This project was designed to have you demonstrate an understanding of how the role organizational theory applies to management.  Furthermore, the student will demonstrate this understanding by explaining the evolution of management theory and how it relates to the business environment through the use of a case scenario. 

 

Read critically and analyze the following scenario:

Geraldine Barney Garrett, the granddaughter of Wilford Barney took over the reins of the R&D department of Biotech Health and Life Products (Biotech) in 1965.  She had trained at the hands of her grandmother Wilford’s mother, Maria.  Geraldine was a strong manager and developed the Research and Development (R&D) lab from the advanced kitchen of her grandmother to the scientific lab of her peers.  Geraldine’s management philosophy evolved over the years but she had several basic ideas that kept her grounded.  Geraldine knew she had to answer to the family in every decision she made. Her grandmother stressed this point and she eventually came to agree. Therefore, Geraldine had final say on decisions.  She also realized that her employees had good ideas and talent but they did not bear the responsibility she did.  So, although she consulted with the employees often, she never gave them the power to make important decisions. 

Geraldine was charismatic in a motherly way and employees liked working for Geraldine.  Some employees had worked under Geraldine for most of their career.   Like Geraldine several of the team members are retiring leaving few left in the company.

When it comes to leading the entire R&D Division, Geraldine is very controlled in defining goals, setting tasks, and is outstanding at dividing the work among the employees, organizing the product materials and coordinating and communicating activities between the different departments.  However, those employees who work with Geraldine know that her approach depends on the task at hand.  Several years ago when Geraldine overheard two or three workers talking about wanting a break from the monotony of doing the same job day in and day out, Geraldine set up a plan to rotate workers so they were exposed to different facets of the R&D process.  Geraldine’s decision always appear to be dependent on the current circumstances and context of the decision.  She is often heard instructing the newer workers, stating, “Always ask yourself which method will work best.  Remember, you are always looking to find the simplest and most effective solution.  Due to Geraldine’s savvy way of managing, the lab has shown an increase in morale, lower turnover and a significant decrease in R&D costs.

Geraldine could see the need for changes in the lab, the most important of which was retaining younger employees.  Since she was retiring at the end of the year, Geraldine knew the new department head would have to deal with the problem.  Her immediate concern was who the new department head should be.  Her own granddaughter, Valerie Malone, was now working in the company and she knew Valerie was expecting the job. 

Valerie was qualified for the job. She was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Maryland College Park with a double major in Botany and Food Science.  She minored in Business Management.  She had worked in the plant in Chicago every summer since High School and had reproduced and revised all her grandmother’s and great-great grandmother’s recipes.  Starting full-time at 22 years of age Valerie got along with everyone in the department but at 27 Geraldine thought she may be too young to assume the position.  Geraldine had hoped that she might mentor Valerie for a few more years and turn the reins over when she was 30, but health concerns made Geraldine shorten the plan.  

Valerie was confident and competent in her work. She was passionate about keeping the business focused on its all-natural product line and developing ecofriendly packaging. She was detail oriented and the people on her team seemed to work well together.  Geraldine noted that Valerie appeared to create functional teams well suited for the various types of tasks or projects.  The teams invariably were always on time and productive.  Although the group may change in terms of members depending on the task, the group was comprised of the longest standing members of R&D and also included Geraldine’s team from time to time.   

Geraldine knew that Valerie feels strongly that the lab has to be updated to include the use of more sophisticated machinery and computers that would enhance the efficiency of the products being developed.  Valerie also believes the update to technology will make the company more competitive.  Valerie often tried to get Geraldine to agree to the revisions bringing in literature from various business journals to prove her point.  “The business world is dynamic and requires people to adjust to the competition in a vigorous and active way. The lab needed the tools to make that happen.” Valerie argued.  Valerie also told her grandmother that she had a lot of new ideas for oils and essences that only the new equipment would be able to test.  Valerie was adamant that Biotech would lag behind the competitors especially in the new beauty line products if the company did not modernize.

Valerie liked to collaborate with the others but did not always take the lead.  She often sat back and listened and at times deferred decisions to others whose opinion differed from her own. When Geraldine told Valerie, she would lose control of the group and maybe the project if she didn’t actively lead, Valerie only smiled and said “Nana you have to let the team unleash its potential, be creative or else they will leave and go somewhere that listens to them.”  Valerie was insistent on the idea of bringing in the labs and R&D people from the other branches on projects rather than having them pass along the ideas.  In a conversation one day about a new project for Germany, Valerie pointed out to Geraldine, “That new products have to be customer driven, and our customers are from all over the world.  We need to appreciate their needs and taste preferences.  While we can come up with our own ideas of what the market should like that also means that the markets are biased by our own pallets and health needs.  We now have to think globally. The changing marketplace means we have to listen to our customer and what they want.”

Geraldine was unsure of some of Valerie’s ideas on engaging others.  She felt sure that Valerie may begin to empower people rather than maintain control over the decision making.  When, Geraldine questioned Valerie about her concerns, Valerie replied “Nana, this company is like one big family and in order for it to keep running functionally, we have to be aware of all its parts, all the people who are important to keep it vital, and change with the times to keep the livelihood of the family intact.  To do this and keep people wanting to be a part of the family, we have to create an environment that makes employees feel stable and safe in the family yet dynamic enough to stay relevant in the industry.  We have to keep employees looking and moving forward.”  Geraldine shrugged and said nothing but thought, “They are more likely to get off task.”  Geraldine knew the company had a collaborative culture, and she often worked together with her family in a similar fashion, but managing a department this way…she was not too sure. That business school education may have put some ideas into Valerie’s head that might come back and haunt her. 

The other logical candidate was Melanie Harper.  Department Head of the new products team, Melanie at 35 was competent, and ran her team like Geraldine would.  In an effort to get some idea of Melanie’s management philosophy Geraldine asked her one day, after witnessing a not terribly successful exchange with one of her team, “What do you believe is important in managing a team?”  Melanie’s reply was, “I think it is important to retain the final responsibility for decision making.  Everyone should have their own specialty, while answering to the common good.  My order and discipline are important.  It was like what Joe just did. I asked him to process the essential oils for this new candy bar we are working on for Italy.  He is the best at doing so and he does this well but he just kept going on with the project adjusting the ingredient list to make what amounts to a completely new candy bar. He claimed the adjustment was needed to get the best flavor from the oils.  However, it threw everything off for everyone else in the project.  His efforts wasted time.  I tried to be fair and listened to his reasoning, but he is making the others feel like they are wasting their time.  There is one direction, which I set, and he should follow.”  Geraldine was disturbed by this a little.  One thing that seemed inconsistent with the episode with Joe was the fact that Melanie usually wants employees to take initiative even if they make mistakes.  “Are you sure he just wasn’t taking the initiative to get things right with the flavor?” Geraldine asked.  “I supposed you have a point,” Melanie replied, “but he should know that we must have unity of direction and what Joe needs to understand is that he is not to take over and interfere with the work of the others in the team.”  Geraldine agreed with some of Melanie’s approach but had to wonder if Melanie overdid the idea of order.  Her staff seemed to have a greater turnover than Valerie’s, which wastes a great deal of time and money in the long run than the time Joe spent trying to make the candy bar work.

One other thing that bothered Geraldine about Melanie was the lack of new ideas and creativity.  Although Melanie could take ideas from others and execute them in a creative way, she did not have a lot of new ideas of her own.  She never seemed to seek new ideas or even revamp old ones.  Geraldine saw Melanie as talented and would keep the lab in its current state making only minor changes.  Melanie often said to Geraldine, “If it isn’t broken why fix it?”  Geraldine liked the idea of the lab being run the same way, but she wondered if the lack of ideas was reflective of a good department head.  After all the head was always expected to have new ideas.

Instructions

Step 1:  Write the Introduction

Create the Introductory Paragraph 

The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of the paper but is typically written after writing the body of the paper (Questions students responded to above).  View this website to learn how to write an introductory paragraph:  

http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/donelan/intro.html

Step 2:  Answer the Following

• Identify from among Geraldine, Valerie or Melanie the woman who best represents the Classical Organizational School of Thought.  (Hint: Look at the information provided for the different schools of thought and theorist and compare to the facts from the case scenario). 
• From among the following list of Classical School theorists listed below, select the one that best reflects the woman identified by you as the best fit to the Classical Organizational School of Thought and explain why.  Note:  You will need to research each theorist using all of the resources in week 1.  Do not latch onto one fact but use all of the facts.
  • Henry Fayol
  • Lilian Gilbreth
  • Fredrick Taylor
  • Henry Towne
  • Max Weber  
• As stated in the facts, Geraldine acknowledged four key areas that are of concern to her in the selection of a successor:  1) updating the technology in the lab; 2) retaining young employees; 3)providing teams with strong leadership; and 4) encouraging new ideas.  Which of the following four management theories would best fit Geraldine’s criteria as an ideal successor who would address the four concerns.
  • Fayol’s 14 Principles
  • The Contingency Approach
  • Modern Dynamic Engagement Theory
  • The Systems Approach
  • Human Relations Theory
• Identify the theory that would best meet Geraldine’s desire for the successor of the department.  Explain why.
• Based on the management theory you selected, which woman (Valerie’s or Melanie) would Geraldine select to be her successor.  Explain why.
• All answers to the elements will use the facts within the case study along with class material to support any and all reasoning used to draw conclusions. 

 

Create a Word or Rich Text Format (RTF) document that is single-spaced, with double spaces between paragraphs.  Use 12-point font.  The final product will be between 3 and 4 pages in length excluding the title page and reference page.  Write clearly and concisely.

 Use headings

MUST USE PROVIDED SOURCES:

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/why-study-organizational-theory/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/behavioral-perspectives/

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Getting Started

This week’s reading focuses on the analysis aspect of research when critiquing articles. While you have been identifying articles each week, you have examined various elements that ultimately culminate in the analysis phase. Researchers analyze so they can draw conclusions and report findings of their research. The critical thinking exercises you have been completing along with these writing exercises are ideal companions to prepare you for your own research and your culminating project, the ADP. You will want to consider the variables that interest you as you continue searching for and selecting articles that may support your own studies. Either way, analysis is a critical step in the research process and this assignment will further propel you and your success.

Upon successful completion of this discussion, you will be able to:

• Analyze and brainstorm variables in the methods section of journal articles.

Instructions

1. Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade. 
2. Read Chapter 7 of How to Critique Journal Articles in the Social Sciences.
3. Follow the instructions for Exercise 7.2 on page 81 and write a 300 – 400 word response explaining your findings of the article searches, locations, and contents.  Remember to consider the questions listed in the text as you craft your response. 
4. Because this is a writing exercise, focus on generating clear ideas rather than a formal, structured response. 
5. Use APA format for all in-text citations and references and Grammarly to ensure your submission is free of writing errors. 
6. Post your initial response by the end of day 4 of the workshop. Please link to your article in your initial post.
7. Read and respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings, as well as any follow-up instructor questions directed at you, by the end of the workshop. 
8. Your postings are interactions with your classmates and instructor that should facilitate engaging dialogue and provide evidence of critical thinking. For this discussion, focus on the following:
   1. Extension: Expand the discussion.
   2. Challenge: Interrogate assumptions, conclusions or interpretations.
   3. Relational: Make comparisons or contrasts of themes, ideas, or issues.
   4. Clarification: Provide clarification to classmates’ questions and provide insight into the discussion

400 words , APA 7 e 

Review the associated rubric

 10 points

Thoroughly addresses the prompt(s).

Clearly demonstrates understanding of relevant course concepts using course materials and additional resources (with citations and references).

Provides clear evidence of critical thinking.

 10 points

Demonstrates critical thinking through quality interaction with at least two classmates by directly commenting on their ideas and making connections to relevant content.

Advances the discussion by introducing new ideas, asking clarifying questions, and synthesizing concepts.

 10 points

Written communication is easy to read and understand. Communicates clearly through the effective control of grammar and spelling.

Requesting 200 words response to the following post using at least three substantive peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles (different than in the below post) to provide those substantive replies.   You may utilize only the main article as a reference.     

Key Term and Why You Are Interested in It

I am interested in researching the key term Foreign Exchange Market (FX) for future professional plans to open an international franchise. I would need to understand the proper utilization of the daily conversion of currency and how it could affect my business (Satterlee, 2018).

Living in Europe offered my family the opportunity to learn about many cultures, including the Foreign Exchange Market (FX). We had limited information about the intricacies involving the exchange rate before relocating overseas. My children were taught precisely when the conversion would happen and when we needed to prepare for the change down to the exact dollar (Satterlee, 2018).

Explanation of the Key Term

Foreign Exchange Market (FX) is a standardized system set up to determine the trade of currency from one country to another (Satterlee, 2018). The FX can dictate what countries can buy and sell at any given time based on the supply and demand of the available currency (Satterlee, 2018).

Many countries are willing to accept the U.S. dollar because of its high percentage in the FX. The United States provides dollars, Japan carries Yen, Britain has Pounds, and most European countries carry the Euro (Satterlee, 2018). International banks track the frequency of the FX and the fluctuation in the exchange rate, keeping knowledgeable information of multiple country variations (Satterlee, 2018).

Major Article Summary

The article, Foreign exchange markets with Last Look, discusses how political power controls the currency trades. When there are no incentives or debt, the Foreign Market Exchange (FX) rate could be higher for one country than those who do not owe (Cartea et al., 2019). The coronavirus put a halt on many things to include job existence for many people. The decrease in monetary use worldwide provokes the economy to crash on a higher level than anticipated (Satterlee,2018). Creating the stimulus checks encouraged spending to increase the financial market in the United States and the Foreign Exchange Market (FX). Exchanges can happen at any time throughout multiple countries simultaneously at different rates.

The Foreign Exchange Market (FX) is a form of a world interest-bearing bank account (Satterlee,2018). The account holders have shares and are responsible for the transactions between countries (Cartea et al., 2019). There are times a country may want to postdate a check with minimal dollars in the bank, knowing it is not enough to clear the account. A government in debt will accept the advance payout hoping the exchange would be paid back over time (Cartea et al., 2019). If the stock market crashes, the exchange rate rises(Cartea et al., 2019).

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans were formulated to incentivize small businesses to stimulate the economy by staying open. The funding would assist with paying employees, rent for facilities and utilities. The true purpose of inviting customers into their establishments to spend their stimulus checks would boost the financial market for the United States, relieving the country of liquidations (Cartea et al., 2019). They are promoting the proper sizing of the Foreign Exchange Market (FX).  The cost of the currency will dictate the trade or loss (Satterlee,2018). The country heavily funded on the Foreign Exchange Market (FX) side will have an advantage over opposing countries’ trade rates (Cartea et al., 2019).

Discussion

a. The study of the Foreign Exchange Market (FX) would prove multinational corporations (MNC), Foreign subsidiaries, incentives and investments affect economic conditions in host countries (Song & Lee, 2017). My family traveled as often as feasibly possible while living overseas. We made it a point to visit McDonald’s in every country to compare their meals, cost, and customer service.  It didn’t dawn on us that Mcdonald’s existed in those countries as an MNC (Song & Lee, 2017). The explanation of the dollar to euro versus the importance of the dollar to yuan. The differential rate between currencies and how they affect onshore and offshore markets (Wang, 2015). The deviation of the actual exchange rate and how the local interest rates differ from the world interest rates. True exchange rates are more costly for domestic countries(Catalán-Herrera, 2016). Export prices and volumes to changes in exchange rates. Higher-income countries request accurate exchange rates when receiving exported goods forcing countries to provide trade costs in their currency (Chen & Juvenal, 2016). This information is crucial for international entrepreneurs.

    b.  The Foreign Exchange Market (FX) allows multicultural governments to control international financial trading and export goods (Satterlee, 2018). All cited work provided a distinct correlation of the cost of currency between countries based on economic stability and governmental control (Song & Lee, 2017). Most countries preferred we would pay in dollars in all of our travels, making more on the exchange rate (Wang, 2015). It is exciting for tourists to flaunt the currency from the country they visited. It is sometimes tricky to exchange currency once the vacation is over. Jamaica and London were two of the most complicated places we toured, which caused an issue with returning exchange to U.S. dollars (Catalán-Herrera, 2016). It is profitable for the host country but a loss in the FX for the United States (Chen & Juvenal, 2016). I understand how the Foreign Exchange Market (FX) affects the currency exchange rate and international exporting.

References:

Catalán-Herrera, J. (2016). Foreign exchange market interventions under inflation targeting: The case of guatemala. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 42, 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2016.02.003

Cartea, Á., Jaimungal, S., & Walton, J. (2019). Foreign exchange markets with last look. Mathematics and Financial Economics, 13(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11579-018-0218-3

Chen, N., & Juvenal, L. (2016). Quality, trade, and exchange rate pass-through. Journal of International Economics, 100, 61-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.02.003

Wang, Y. D. (2015). Convertibility restriction in China’s foreign exchange market and its impact on forward pricing. Journal of Banking & Finance, 50, 616-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.04.031

Satterlee, B. (2018). Cross Border Commerce (3rd ed.). Raleigh, NC: Synergistics International Inc.

Song, S., & Lee, J. Y. (2017). Relationship with headquarters and divestments of foreign subsidiaries: The hysteresis perspective. Management International Review, 57(4), 545-570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-017-0317-z

Looking Ahead to the Capstone Portfolio

Instructions

There is a connection between the first week’s work, all the work in between, and the Capstone Portfolio.

Recall the Practicing Curation  (Links to an external site.)exercise. For that assignment, you created a little museum exhibit about yourself. The Capstone Portfolio assignment which is due in the last weeks of class, asks you to do something similar. But instead of assembling found objects from your home to make a museum exhibit that tells a story about you, you’ll assemble work from this class to make a portfolio that tells a story about you.Step 1: Read the Capstone Portfolio and Reflective Letter Instructions. As you read, think about which items you’ve written so far in class  — mood board, resume, video-selfie, cover letter etc. — that you might want to polish and revise for the Capstone Portfolio.Step 2: Make a list of at least three initial questions about this big end-of-the-semester assignment. Is there something that puzzles you? Unfamiliar words or ideas? There is no word count minimum but to earn all available points, you must have at least 3 different questions that reflect your careful reading of the Capstone Portfolio Instructions.

Here’s how you’ll be graded

Weekly Assignment Specifications Checklist

To earn all available points for the week’s assignment,  your submission must include all elements listed below. If your goal for this course is to earn an A, be sure to check off your completion of each element.

Content

• Answers parts of the assignment prompt and expresses ideas clearly and in your own words
• Demonstrates careful attention to the assigned reading (or viewing) and/or research
• Includes at least one quote from the reading (or viewing) and/or research.
• Entry must meet the word count minimum specified in the instructions.

Document Specs

• Follows standard professional document formatting (1″ margins on all sides, double spacing, a professional font such as Times New Roman or Calibri, 12pt font)
• Submitted by the Due Date

Proofreading

• Demonstrates sufficient self-review to avoid careless errors like typos, misspellings, missing words, sentences without standard capitalization or punctuation. 

Assignment Grading Rubric

Grading Rubric Table

Excellent work

Almost there

Insufficient investment of time

Content

Satisfies each element on the specifications checklist AND appears to be the product of careful thinking.

Quote is selected to highlight one of your main points about the assigned reading. Research results suggest effort and attention. 

Answers are responsive to the questions, thoughtful, specific, and share your thinking as it stands right now. (You can change your mind in later Diary entries.) 

Satisfies each element on the specifications checklist but may have been hastily written. Reads like a rush job, rather than a series of careful ideas, flowing from one to the next.

Often the quote from the reading appears to have been selected without care or obvious logic and/or research conducted in haste; not a genuine inquiry.

Repetition or vagueness undermine the submission’s power.

Misses one or more elements from the specifications checklist.

Reads like something you slapped together and “phoned in,” rather than a series of careful ideas, flowing one to the next.

Missing quote or research

Repetition or vagueness undermine the submission’s power.

Document Specs

Satisfies each element on the specifications checklist.

Misses one element on the specifications checklist.

Misses more than one element on the specifications checklist. 

Proofreading

Demonstrates sufficient self-review to avoid careless errors

Contains one or two careless errors that the writer could have caught by reviewing the work more carefully

Contains more than two errors that the writer could have caught by reviewing the work more carefully. Work that sacrifices points here often contains misspelling that Spellcheck flagged, sentences that don’t make sense because of missing words, proper nouns that haven’t been capitalized. (Ex: florida International University).

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Starting work on the Capstone Portfolio Discussion Board 

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IDS4890 Starting work on the Capstone Portfolio

Overview

It is time to start preparing the near-final version of your Capstone Portfolio (Discussion Board) that you’ll share with the class for peer feedback. You’ll submit your final-version Capstone Portfolio and your portfolio reflection letter privately to me for a grade in Finals Week.

Begin your Capstone work now — as part of your portfolio you’ll need to prepare and revise three items (artifacts) that tell a particular story about you. 

Here is the List of approved portfolio items (artifacts) that you can choose from:

• Resume
• Branding Moodboard
• Personal Statement
• Cover letter template
• Detailed summary of your work and/ or volunteer experience
• Curriculum summary
• Plan for the future
• Video practice interview

But what particular story about yourself should you tell? 

What To Post on the Discussion Board

For this post: first, review the list of guiding questions (below).

And then discuss which question (or questions) your portfolio will answer. To think about how your artifacts tell a story about you — a story that is intentional and that you want to tell — you’ll also need to think about what artifacts you might revise fro inclusion in your Portfolio. You can change your mind later about artifacts and the question those artifacts answer about you, as you begin to assemble the portfolio. Right now the goal is to really think about this part of the Portfolio task. 

Guiding Questions

The three artifacts you pick must show something about you. What they show is up to you, but here are some guiding questions that might help you decide:

• Are there items that, when put together, demonstrate what you value in life? 
• Are there items that, when put together, demonstrate how you’ve made your Liberal Studies degree work for you? 
• Are there items that, when put together, illustrate your career goals and the progress you’ve made towards achieving those specific goals? 
• Are there items that, when put together, illustrate the kind of work or the kind of intellectual pursuits you find rewarding? 
• Are there items that, when put together, show a transformation you’ve undergone? 
• Are there items that, when put together, show who you are as a student? 
• Are there items that, when put together, show what sets you apart from other IDS majors? 
• Are there items that, when put together, show something else? 

Remember, these questions are meant to give you ideas. However, you can tell a story that isn’t represented in the questions above. 

The key, though, is that the items actually tell a story. In other words, the selection of artifacts in your portfolio should not feel haphazard or random. Imagine that the reader of this portfolio only gets to see these three items and never sees anything else about you or by you: what would they think about you from these three items? That’s what you have control over here. You get to decide WHAT you want the portfolio to say about you, then you must pick three items that convey that message.

Your initial post must be at least 200 words long.

Always read the point distribution and word count specification for discussion board posts — this distribution may be different for later Discussion Board Post assignments.

Here’s how you’ll be assessed on this assignment: 

• Content: Did you follow all parts of the instructions:
  • Satisfy the minimum word count? 
  • Is your submission thorough and complete?  (10 points)
• Quality: Does your post seem to indicate effort? Does it seem like you proofread? If the instructions ask you to make connections, do you? (4 points)
• Peer Responses: Do you make quality comments on your peers’ posts, paying attention to instructions about commenting? (6 points)