Potential Funders

/in /by

The Resource Center has recently been looking into the issue of high drop-out rates at high schools in the community. As Project Manager, you are trying to start a new educational program for high school students. The Executive Director is supportive of your plan for a new program, but a program like this is not currently in the budget.

Your Executive Director asks you to look for grants that could potentially fund this program, so you start your search for grants that may be appropriate to apply for. She asks that you create a brief summary of 3–5 potential funders she can present at the next board meeting.

Using the tools provided in Appendix B in the Resource section of Winning Grants Step by Step, identify 3–5 potential funders for the program.

 

PLEASE SEE ATTACHMENT

Be sure the following information is found in your table:

  • 3–5 funders listed along with:
    • Information on how these funders were identified, including where you heard or read about the funder and a link or explanation of where the grant information can be found.
    • A description of the funding including dollar amount, eligible recipients/programs, due date, and any other relevant information.
    • An analysis of where the grant does and does not fit with the Resource Center’s mission, goals and objectives.

The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:

  • Research potential funders for different types of grants.

REPLY 7 WR

/in /by

 What are your thoughts about the role of women in Islam? 

According to Partridge (2018), Muslim men and women pray as equals in the eyes of God, and the contribution of each to community life is accepted equally by God. God devotes an entire chapter of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, to women. Besides, God directly addresses women repeatedly throughout the Quran. Although the spiritual equality of men and women has been traditionally agreed upon, society continues to stereotype and misconceive the role of women in Islam. Hence, God’s rules apply to both genders, but in diverse ways. For example, God commanded women to cover certain parts of their bodies, including their hair, to preserve their modesty. Men are also required to cover parts of their body out of modesty, but not in the same way as women. Therefore, God commanded both men and women to be modest; yet, how they observe it is different (Uchendu, 2020).

As can be seen, women’s rights, roles, and responsibilities are evenly balanced with men but are not necessarily the same. For some women, the veiling custom and house chores responsibilities can be exhausting, while others take them part of their culture. While many Americans consider Islam an oppressive religion concerning women, Muslim women often comment on the liberty and dignity they derive from their faith (Saeed & Atta, 2018). Many Muslim women explain that true Islam is frequently compromised by oppressive practices that have their roots in cultural differences or political expediency; general ignorance and lack of engagement with the diversity inherent within the tradition contribute to the perpetuation of these practices. Therefore, the true Islam beliefs about women role are non-discriminant and fair, but society customs and practice makes their role suppressed to their male counterpart. I believe that women possess spiritual equality in the Islam religion; however, they need to stand up for their role in society. Chores and rights should be equally divided in Islam society to improve the overall community balance.  

References

Partridge, C. (2018). A short introduction to world religions. Fortress Press

Saeed, A., & Atta, G. (2018). (7) Women’s Empowerment, working women and Islam. Al-Qalam, 23(1), 84-94.

Uchendu, E. (2020). 4. Women Taking Islam. In Islam in the Niger Delta 1890-2017 (pp. 153-201).

REPLY 2

 What are your thoughts about the role of women in Islam? 

   Based on Islam, men and women are moral equals in God’s sight and are expected to fulfill the same duties. The common belief is that Islamic women are oppressed by their religion, forced to wear head coverings. They are the property of their husbands with no rights and incapable to take any independent action. Islam has empowered the role of women with the most progressive rights and privileges since the 7th century. The women rights, roles and responsibilities in the Islamic world have evolved. In Islamic society, women participate actively in government, public affairs, scholarship, and teaching. One of the most influential scholars of Islam was Muhammad’s wife, Aisha. For instance, al-Qarawiyin Mosque and University, the oldest running university, was funded by a woman, Fatima al-Fihri, in Morocco in 859 C.E. Women serve, and lead different aspects of the community. In my opinion the stigma that follows Islamic women is not an accurate one. They are more influential that many people realize, and they have the potential to make a difference in their communities by taking leadership positions. They are called upon to serve god just as much as men are expected too.

References

Amir, K. (2019, October 30). MedCrave. https://medcraveonline.com/AHOAJ/the-concept-of-responsibility-of-men-and-women-in-islam.html.

Women in Islam. ISLAMIC SOCIETY OF GREATER LANSING. (n.d.). https://www.lansingislam.com/women-in-islam.html.

Week 1 Discussion Response to Classmates

/in /by

I NEED THIS 12/05/2020 BY 1PM

Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resources on your own before you bid. You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. Grammar, Writing, and APA Format: I expect you to write professionally, which means APA format, complete sentences, proper paragraphs, and well-organized and well-documented presentation of ideas. Remember to use scholarly research from peer-reviewed articles that is current. Sources such as Wikipedia, Ask.com, PsychCentral, and similar sites are never acceptable. Each classmate’s post is listed so please respond separately.

Read your classmates’ postings. Respond to your classmates’ postings.

• Respond to all colleagues by discussing your thoughts on how you can relate to the peers’ concerns and how you might address these concerns if they were presented to a counselor by a client.

1. Classmate (K. Str)

Personally, I feel medication can be beneficial. I believe people can have a chemical imbalance in their brain, making them need medication, to balance this. I also feel, one can experience anxiety, further enabling them to use medication as needed. Although that is, unless a chemical imbalance occurs, I do not feel medications should be used long term. 

  Professionally, I feel medications can enable one to have a better quality of life. If one needs to be on medication to stabilize them, even long term, they should be on the medication they need. One may not have other coping skills, or be willing to use other coping skills enabling them to need medication. Although that is, if someone is on medications such as, benzodiazepines which have long term effects, such as, memory loss (Alexis, 2019),  one should only be on this medication short term.

   There are pros and cons to medication usage. Some pros include, medications can help one that is a danger to themselves or others, medications can help one who is in a state of mind that is hard to turn around without medication and combining medication with therapy has been proven to be more beneficial than therapy alone. Some cons include, abusing medications (Walden University, 2019), medication  having side effects to include allergic reactions and medications having the potential for dependency (Drugs.com, 2020).

  As a professional, it is important that I monitor the well being of my client. I must look for signs of dependency, and signs one is abusing medications. I also must make sure I’m following ethical guidelines if I am needed to take action involving my client who is abusing their medications (Walden University, 2019).

                                                                           References

Alexis, I. (2019). Memory Loss From Benzodiazepines. Retrieved December 03, 2020, from

          https://www.rehabcenter.net/benzodiazepines/memory/

Drugs.com. (2020). Xanax: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Warnings. (n.d.). Retrieved December 03, 2020, from

           https://www.drugs.com/xanax.html

Walden University. (Executive Producer). (2019). The role of the counselor in psychopharmacological

intervention. Baltimore, MD: Author.

2. Classmate (L. Wall)

Throughout my lifespan, I lived with my aunt Debbie who was diagnosed as manic-depressive and schizophrenic many years ago, and then more recently as having schizoaffective disorder.  She was prescribed a list of medications to regulate her mood and thoughts throughout the majority of her adult life.  These types of psychotherapeutics helped her to stop hearing voices and seeing people that were not there.  I saw how my aunt decompensated when she refused or stopped taking her medication.  Without her medications, she was not the same loving, kind, and caring individual.  Dr. Jason Patton noted how there are several diagnoses where medication is necessary and the only way to turn around a debilitating state (Walden University, 2019).  In times when she was experiencing a crisis, she needed medication to help support her immediate stabilization and to allow her to regulate her neurotransmitters and collect herself.

From a professional lens, some clients may benefit from the short and long-term use of psychotherapeutics.  For example, after a mom gives birth, she may experience postpartum depression and may need an anti-depressant for a short amount of time to rescue her from her depressive state.  Critics may think through this type of medication use and may oppose the use of an anti-depressant due to the fact that her breast milk will also contain the anti-depressant thereby passing this anti-depressant on to her newborn.  However, the mom may decide to use a milk supplement in this type situation until she is ready to nurse her baby.  The pros, cons, risks, benefits, and side effects of taking any type of medication should be thoroughly evaluated by the physician and their patient.  Some pros of using medications would be an increase in positive mental health outcomes, greater compliance in treatment and recovery, and reduction in frequency and length of hospitalizations.  Some cons associated with the use of medications would be the lack of communication and collaboration among counselor and medical professionals, and psychiatrists, lack of provider knowledge and understanding, and the non-medical provider belief that mental health issues are primarily behavioral manifestations rather than biological or neurological (Sinacola, Peters-Strickland, and Wyner, 2020).  Therefore, when counselors and physicians communicate and collaborate, they are able to understand and support multiple lines of treatment for the client and help monitor medication compliance, use, and misuse.

As a counselor who will be counseling clients who have been prescribed medication, I believe we must support and respect each client in their decision to take medication and help reduce and eliminate the stigma, guilt, and shame associated with taking prescription medication.  Sinacola, Peters-Stickland, and Wyner (2020) noted how nonmedical therapists may see psychiatrists as “pill pushers” and not spending any therapeutic time with their patients and asserted that therapists and physicians need to work together in the best interests of the patient. For those clients with a mood or thought disorder, the use of medication may allow the client to successfully function on a daily basis and engage in treatment and counseling in a meaningful way and improving long-term outcomes.  For instance, clients with depression may struggle with finding a reason to get out of bed for an extended amount of time, or taking a shower, or answering the phones when family or friends call, along with numerous other impacts on their activities of daily living (ADLs).  Through the use of appropriate medication prescription and management and the collaboration between counselor and physician, clients are likely to receive effective treatment and engage in life in a healthy and meaningful way.

 

References

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

Walden University. (Executive Producer). (2019). The role of the counselor in psychopharmacological intervention. Baltimore, MD: Author.

3. Classmate (T. Roberts)

Personal Lens

                From my personal perspective I fully believe medication and therapy go hand in hand. If a person is too depressed to get out of bed, they are not able to function in an aspect that leads to productivity. If one feels better with the use of medication, then they can reengage in normal daily living. Medication is not a permanent fix though. It also requires the client to work on other aspects of their illness. Such as coping skills and ways of thinking to assist in redirecting negative thoughts. Another positive regarding medication some medications are non-habit forming. This helps in preventing a dependency on the medication. Medication can be beneficial if utilized correctly and utilized with other techniques or skills. Sinacola, Peters-Strickland, and Wyner (2020), states “a mental illness often requires a combination of psychotherapy and medication”

Pros and Cons

There are multiple pros of utilizing medication. One would be medication assists in replacing certain chemicals in the brain that are out of balance. Medication also assists a having better follow through with therapy and treatment. Medication can also assist individuals with a substance Use Disorder in preventing substance use.

As with pros there are also multiple cons to utilizing medication. One con is feeling abnormal. I have heard many stories of individuals who stop taking their medication due to the way it makes them feel. The feelings have often been described as feeling like a zombie or making the individual too tired to function during the day. Another con I can see is when people begin to feel better, they stop taking their medications and ultimately regress to their previous state.

My Role

When providing therapy to clients I think it is important to understand what the client wants. Of course, I would encourage the client to take their medication as prescribed and give it an opportunity to begin working. However, there have been time when I have been working with someone and they do not want to take their medication. It is a human right not to take their medication and no one can force them to take it. My role would be to encourage and educate the client on why it would be beneficial to take their medication. However, if they choose not too after discussing then I do not think it is productive to push the issue. This could cause animosity in the counselor client relationship and I suspect no productive therapy would be accomplished.

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

Required Resources

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

• Chapter 1, “Why Study Psychopharmacology”

Document: Psychopharmaceutical Reference Guide Template (Word Document)

Required Media

TED. (2017, February). Sangu Delle: There’s no shame in taking care of your mental health [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/sangu_delle_there_s_no_shame_in_taking_care_of_your_mental_health

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 9 minutes.

TED. (2017, December). Jeremy Forbes: How to start a conversation about suicide [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/jeremy_forbes_how_to_start_a_conversation_about_suicide

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 12 minutes.

 

TED. (2012, June). Elyn Saks: A tale of mental illness—from the inside [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/elyn_saks_seeing_mental_illness

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 15 minutes.

 

Walden University. (Executive Producer). (2019). The role of the counselor in psychopharmacological intervention. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this video is 3 minutes.

Accessible player  

Optional Resources

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). Understanding stigma of mental and substance use disorders. In Ending discrimination against people with mental and substance use disorders: The evidence for stigma change. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK384923/          

Business Statistics

/in /by

Discuss one (1) project where you used a problem-solving approach to address what turned out to be common-cause variation, or where you used a process improvement approach to deal with a special cause. 

If you do not have a personal experience that echoes either of these situations, you may use Internet to search for a case that reflects either of these situations. 

Examples: 

· one’s personal investment strategy since 2008 

· reducing waiting times at the local hospital or emergency room 

· reducing difficulties trying to connect to a Wi-Fi Internet provider

Answer the following questions in the space provided below:

1. Describe the experience in the project. 

2. What were the solutions used to address the problem?

3. Was the case you described a special-cause or common-cause?

4. Do you feel the solution or approach used appropriate for the cause? 

5. What would you do if you could do it again?

6. What conclusions can you draw from the problem-solving or process-improvement techniques?

Note: You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. In your original work, you may use aspects of existing processes from either your current or a former place of employment. However, you must remove any and all identifying information that would enable someone to discern the organization(s) that you have used.

  

Remarks:  The response must be detailed and answer the primary question and sub-part of the primary question.  Write clearly and concisely about business process improvement using proper grammar and writing mechanics. You must use APA format and cite (2) references.

Nurses impact on health policy

/in /by

  

Nurses impact on health policy 

Reflection upon life experiences and use of those experiences can help us to move forward or perhaps remain stagnant.  In separate weeks students will submit a written entry as a ‘reflective journal’, to express thoughts, connections and critical thinking related to the readings, discussions and assignment.

Part 1: Instructions:  Answer all questions in essay format with at least 300 words and two supportive citations from evidence-based practice source including the textbook per question.

 

Each area should be addressed in a separate paragraph. Each item should equal 300 words or more.

300 words—Question A: The Institute of Medicine has been quoted as stating: “[healthcare professionals including nurses] must see policy as something they can shape rather than something that happens to them” [Patton, Zalon, Ludwick, 2015 p. 3]   Compare your thoughts about specific laws, policies and healthcare before you read chapter 1 to after having read chapter1: What is different in your thinking? How has this chapter enhanced your knowledge and your perception of health policy and its impact on population groups? Provide example to support your statement. 

300 words—-Question B: Chapter 2 discusses interest groups; A) What are Interest Groups based on chapter 2? B) What role or purpose do interest groups play in health policy? C) Where are interest groups found if one wanted to contact them? Provide specific example of at least 3 interest groups and the service they provide D) How can you be a part of an interest group? What specific steps would you take E) Which interest group would you pick if you would join one and why? Explore the wounded worrier project interest group. State the mission of this group and why this group is important. How have they shaped the general populations perception and impacted the population they serve? 

 200 words—Part 2:  Address your ‘a-ha moment’ for this week: Elaborate on how Nurses and other healthcare officials have the power to influence the population perception of health and health care. Provide specific examples (client education) of what nurses can do to change client perception of health in a positive way and increase the populations overall health. 

Pro and Con of an Issue

/in /by

Pro and Con of an Issue 

Overview: 

This assignment requires you to write two paragraphs. The first paragraph will be the “pro” in support of your issue. The second paragraph will be the “con” of your issue. Each paragraph will have a paraphrased or summarized example. Instructions: 

1. Select ONE of these issues: a. Wage Standards b. Screen Time for Children c. Jury Duty 

2. Go to the Library database and search for one “pro” article and one “con” article on the issue. 

3. Read the article and underline important support that you will want to include in your paragraphs. 

4. Create your pro paragraph using your pro article; include a paraphrase or a summary of the evidence from your article. Be sure to include an in-text citation: (author’s last name, year of publication). 

5. Create your con paragraph using your con article; include a paraphrase or a summary of the evidence from your article. Be sure to include an in-text citation: (author’s last name, year of publication). 

6. Make sure you create a reference page for the two articles you use in your paragraphs. Requirements: 

• Submit a Word document or PDF. 

• Include an APA formatted title page and proper APA style formatting on the document (Times New Roman, 12-point font suggested), with 1-inch margins and double-spaced. 

• Each paragraph should be 7–9 sentences. 

• Use evidence from an academic and reliable library resource that is either paraphrased or summarized. 

Make sure to include that evidence in your essay with a parenthetical citation and a references page. 

Follow proper APA format when including that evidence. • Use objective third-person language: “he,” “she,” “it,” “him,” “her,” “himself,” “herself,” “itself,” “they,” “them,” “their,” “themselves.” (Avoid subjective language, such as “I,” “me,” “you,” “we,” “us,”etc.)

Unit 4 Assignment: Pro and Con of an Issue Submission Link

For this assignment, select one of these issues to write about:

  • Wage Standards
  • Screen Time for Kids
  • Jury Duty

Create one “pro” paragraph in support of the issue and one “con” paragraph against the issue.You need to include one academic and reliable source in the “pro” paragraph and one in the “con” paragraph.Please review the attached directions for  Unit 4 Assignment: Pro and Con of an Issue Unit 4 Assignment: Pro and Con of an Issue – Alternative Formats . Then, submit it using the submission link above by 11:59 p.m. EST, Sunday, of Unit 4.You should also make sure to submit a Word document or PDF through the submission link. You can review directions for submitting an assignment in Blackboard through this resource:

Unit3 reply 1

/in /by

 

Case #1.

1.What is the likely diagnosis, and what symptoms made you consider that diagnosis?

  She appears to suffer from hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland (McCrane & Huether, 2019). When the thyroid organ does not produce enough thyroid hormones, the condition is known as hypothyroidism. Fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, dry skin, constipation, weight gain, a deeper voice, failure to palpate her thyroid gland, and a sluggish response when eliciting the deep tendon reflex are the symptoms considered before making the diagnosis.

2. Which lab data supported the diagnosis?

TSH level is 0.9 mU/ml which is within the normal range, but T4 level is low (3.4 ug/dl) indicating an objective diagnosis of hypothyroidism. . Her cholesterol is another sign that she has hypothyroidism. Her cholesterol level is 275 mg/dl, and she has a low thyroid level, which affects the liver’s ability to absorb cholesterol. This patient’s cholesterol level is higher than normal, which may suggest hypothyroidism. Since the thyroid is involved in so many of the body’s functions, she will require thyroid replacement for the rest of her life.

  1. Explain-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid axis and interrelationship.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis regulates metabolism and responds to stress as part of the neuroendocrine system (Ortiga-Carvalho et al., 2016). The thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine are detected by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus responds to low thyroid levels by releasing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The anterior pituitary is stimulated by TRH to generate thyroid-stimulating hormone. Before the hypothalamus senses that blood levels have returned to normal, the thyroid produces thyroid hormone. Negative feedback is used to keep this machine running (Ortiga-Carvalho et al., 2016).

4-5 pages with references and no plagiarism

/in /by
  • Discuss a social change that you have experienced. Describe how this change impacted society as a whole and your own individual behaviors.
    • Was the social change positive or negative in your perspective?
    • Did your life get easier or harder—simplified or more complicated?
    • Has it been positive or negative for society?
  • Research a non-Western culture, and identify a recent social movement or social change they have experienced. Describe how the social change impacted their society and how globalization may or may not have impacted their social change.
  • Research technological advances that are being developed right now. Then, discuss how one of the new technologies may spur social change in your society. Be sure to discuss not only how the technology will make things easier, but also how it could alter cultural values, perspectives, norms, and ideas. 
  • Think critically and discuss how technological advancements can both positively and negatively impact the social sciences, specifically sociology, and how the social sciences are studied (refer to Chapter 10: Research Applications for guidance). 

Utilize at least 2 credible sources to support the points presented in the paper. Make sure you cite them appropriately within your paper, and list them in APA format on your Reference page. 

Your paper should be 4–5 pages in length, not counting the Title page and Reference page. In accordance with APA formatting requirements, your paper should include a Title and Reference page, should be double-spaced, and should include a running head and page numbers.

Project Analysis and Instructional Objectives Overview

/in /by

This assignment goes with the discussion question on Improving Educational Equality in Underserved Schools

In Week 1, you identified a need (such as new equipment, expanding curriculum, change in procedures, and so forth) that you want to address through the instructional curriculum you will create for your class project (our need is: IMPROVING EDUCATIONAL EQUALITY FOR UNDERSERVED SCHOOLS).  You also provided a rationale concerning why the problem or need exists, outlined a goal for the project, and proposed instructional strategies. Each week is a building block as we move through the stages for planning instructional design to address the identified need. The purpose of this assignment is to document the planning process. Use the Internet to locate information that you believe will assist you with your project.

Instructions

Write a 2 page paper in which you:

  • Develop a needs analysis for the identified need. (Analysis should include what teachers can do to ensure equality is met and what resources are needed to ensure the success of students)

  • Determine the learner characteristics for the identified need.

  • Create a minimum of three instructional objectives. Write one objective from each of the following domains for the identified need: cognitive, behavioral, and affective (Cognitive: Ensuring the classroom environment is safe and engaging. This allows scholars to advocate for their success vocally and amongst each other. This also gives educators a clue of what resources are needed to benefit each learning style. Behavior: Focuses primarily on behaviors learned through experience in the society we are in. We learn from our daily interactions. If scholars are successful then they will become more engaged. They will stay engaged when they know through statements or positive actions that they are successful. Affective: Understanding that the educator is there to make sure all scholars are successful. They have the tools to make it happen).

  • Create a procedural analysis flowchart that visually depicts your project, using Excel, Visio, or one of their equivalents such as OpenOffice or Dia. In the flowchart, identify the starting points, decision steps, and ending points related to the learning task. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length. You may also find MS Office diagram templates useful, or you may search for free template downloads. 

  • Use your textbook, Internet, to locate at least two reputable references (no more than ten years old). Appropriate academic resources include reputable websites, scholarly texts, and peer-reviewed articles. Wikipedia and other wikis do not qualify as academic resources. 
  • Include charts or diagrams created in Excel, Visio, MS Project, a standard MS Office template, or one of their equivalents such as Open Project, Dia, and OpenOffice. The completed diagrams/charts must be imported into the Word document before the paper is submitted. 

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH – STATISTICS

/in /by

For this final assignment, you will write a paper in APA 6th edition styling.  Your paper should have a title page, running head, references section, as well as a body section that is properly formatted.  This paper should be no less than 8 pages long excluding the title page, abstract, and references page. 

 

You will need to conduct a t-test on the data to determine if the sample means are significantly different.  After the data from Math Tasks Assignment is compiled, the data will be posted on Canvas. 

 

 

 

Think of a test with 100 math problems…There are two types of problems: addition and subtraction.  Would you finish the test faster if you completed all of the addition problems first and all of the subtraction problems second?  Is it more efficient to complete all of the addition problems first?  If you switch back and forth between addition and subtraction, will the mental effort of ‘task-switching’ actually slow you down?  Or is simple math so easy that there will be no difference? 

 

The class experiment that we conducted intended to measure just that.  We used a math task that could be completed in an organized fashion to minimize task switching (Task A), or a disorganized fashion (Task B) that required a task switch for every problem attempted.  If there is no difference between switching tasks repeatedly, and completing the same problems in an organized fashion, then there should be no difference in the mean (average) completion times of our Task A and Task B samples. 

 

T tests are used to determine if the difference between sample means is significantly different or not.  Using the class’s pooled data, you will conduct a ttest to compare the sample means of Task A and Task B.  Then, you will write a paper that describes the experiment and analyzes the data. 

 

OVERVIEW 

 The data for the final assignment has been posted to Canvas (see attachment).  The critical T value we will use for our data is 1.671.  Write the number 1.671 inside the *purple* circle on the t-test tutorial (TtestWorksheet6_.pdf). 

 

1. Access the data in the excel file [DATASET.xlsx] → ANNOUNCEMENTS SECTION 2. You will need to find 3 journal articles that have relevance to our study, and cite information from those articles using in-text citations (articles are provided for you Canvas).  You need at least 2 relevant in-text citations for each article. The in-text citations should be bold in the color red. 3. You need to be able to analyze the data using a t test, and analyze patterns by comparing/reporting correlations. 4. Write a paper (APA 6th edition) that is at least 8 pages (10 including title/ref.) 

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH  

– PAGE 2 OF 6 – 

 

 

 

– –– –– –– –– –– –T T  T TE ES ST T– –– –– –– –– –– – 

   When the data is compiled, you will use the completion times from each condition to complete the t-test worksheet after you print it out [TtestWorksheet6_.pdf].  The worksheet will walk you through a t-test with an alpha of .05 in one tail.  This is because the research predicts that the results will occur in one particular direction. 

 

The data file [DATASET.xlsx] has a tab called “T-test Calculation” that saves you the work of performing many computations.  Be sure to check out this page before starting your t-test. 

 

 

 

In the Results section, please report the results of your t-test in the following way.  You can copy and paste the text into your paper, just replace the results of your t-test where the #’s are. 

 

M represents ‘Mean’; SD represents ‘Standard Deviation’.  The t-test tutorial [TtestWorksheet6_.pdf] will help you find these values.   

 

   

 

 

 

RED CIRCLE  FROM T‐TEST  TUTORIAL O RANGE  CIRCLE FROM  T‐TEST 

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH  

– –– –– –– –– –– –C CO OR RR RE EL LA AT TI IO ON N  A AN NA AL LY YS SI IS S– –– –– –– –– –– – 

   Investigate and discuss patterns that are present in the data by looking at the correlation between our variables.  Use the Critical Values of the Correlation Coefficient – Table R [In the back of your book] to find out whether the correlations are significant based on the df (degrees of freedom).  Use a two-tailed test with an alpha of .05.   

 

Critical values are based on degrees of freedom.  Use the “Correlation Analysis” tab of the data file [DATASET.xlsx] to analyze the correlations. 

 

 

Check out the following combinations of variables: 

 

 Age and completion time (does being older make people faster or slower?)  Age and # incorrect  Gender and completion time (are males faster than females)  Gender and # incorrect 

 

Determine if the patterns present in our data match patterns present in the literature.  For example, you may cite Reaction Time Literature Review by Robert J. Kosinski, and make a connection between factors affecting reaction time and whether those factors  may have had an effect in our experiment. 

 

 

Abstract 

 

Create an abstract that concisely summarizes this study in 120 words or less. 

 

Introduction (Literature Review) 

 

Provide a brief background of the task-switching literature relevant to this study by providing 12 in-text citations from the literature (2 citations for each article used).  These in-text citations may be 1 sentence long and should be written in the color red (you do not necessarily have to read all of the articles in entirety from start to finish! Pull a relevant citation from each article).  Emphasis should be placed on what they did, and their results; a connection should be made to our study in a predictive manner if necessary.  Some keywords that may help you find relevant articles are: 

 

 Task switching  Cognitive Efficiency  Multi-tasking  Selective Attention  Divided Attention 

 

 Use the link below to access the journal article databases: http://library.montclair.edu/articlesdatabases/index.php?View=Subject&Subject=Psych ology%2FSociology 

 

Explain the hypothesis of this study.  Explain what is expected to occur in this experiment based on the background literature. 

 

Clearly explain what the independent variable is, and what the dependent variable is.  Make sure you include all necessary information for a thorough introduction. 

 

Method 

Participants In the first paragraph, explain the sampling process and how the entire class provided their own subjects for this experiment.  What is the average age of all of the participants for each condition?  How many males and females participated in each condition?  Were these people randomly selected? 

 

In a second paragraph, describe YOUR subjects age and gender for each condition.  Describe the testing environments.  In what rooms did the tests take place?  What times?  Describe any other information you see fit.   

 

 

Materials and Procedure In one paragraph, describe the materials used for this experiment: pen/pencil, printed addition tasks, etc.  Describe Task A and Task B to the reader, explaining the differences between the two, and similarities between the two. 

 

In another paragraph, explain your procedure.  Where did you administer Task A and Task B?  What time did you administer them?  Did everything go smoothly, or did you 

 

have to deviate slightly from the procedure? Did the person interact with you during the test or did they sit quietly and remain focused?  Did you stay in the room with the person during the test?  Did anything unexpected occur?  Did your subjects understand the directions? 

 

In another paragraph, explain 2 experimental controls that we utilized (For example, the same 51 mixed-math problems appear in Task A and Task B; by using the same 51 problems we can eliminate any alternative explanations that differences in the difficulty of the problems are causing a longer completion time). 

 

In yet another paragraph, explain if anything occurred that would threaten the validity of the test?  Describe anything that happened that was not ideal and could have had an effect on the results.  Why is it important for everyone to follow the same procedure?  What would happen if everyone followed their own procedure, how could this affect the results? Results 

 

In one titled paragraph, discuss and compare the sample means for Task A and Task B.  Is there a difference; is one higher than the other?  Is the difference between means significant?  Discuss the results of the t test, and what the conclusion of this study is.  What was the critical t value?  What was the obtained t value?  Are the results significant?   

 

In a second titled paragraph, explain the results of your correlation analysis describing the information from above.  Discuss the relationships between the variables and modify the following phrase to report each one: 

 

The variables Age and # Incorrect were [not/strongly] correlated, r(d df f) = .##, p<.05. 

 

 

Discussion In a final summative paragraph, discuss the implications of these results.  Summarize the findings (Task switching had a negative effect on completion time because participants required more time to complete the math problems…etc.).  Do you think practice would reduce the effect?  Why? Provide a direction for new research, do you think task switching would have an effect on reaction time in any other task? 

 

Explain the background reasoning of why you think there is an effect.   

 

If there was no effect: Discuss reasons why you think there was no effect?  What are some things we could change about the experiment to get stronger results? Are there any additional precautions we should take next time?  Was the test too easy or too hard?  (If there WAS an effect, then omit this section). 

 

Discuss the limitations of the study.  Think of alternative explanations, confounding and third variables.  Problems of the method/procedure, qualities of the sample, etc. 

 

 

 

 

 

References 

 

Properly cite all six references; some articles are provided for you online.