Primary and Secondary Reinforcers

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Primary and Secondary Reinforcers

We use reinforcement to increase appropriate behaviors. The effectiveness of reinforcement depends on an individual’s preference. While some items or activities are preferred for some individuals, they may be aversive for others. When using positive reinforcement, we must ensure that the reinforcers we are presenting actually function as reinforcers. Also, keep in mind that just because you may like or enjoy something, it does not mean you will respond to gain access. One may like doing puzzles, but one may not be willing to run five miles to gain access to a puzzle.

  • List five preferred items or activities that you enjoy.
  • Categorize these five items or activities into primary or secondary reinforcers.
  • Explain why each is an example of a primary reinforcer or a secondary reinforcer. What primary reinforcers are the secondary reinforcers likely paired with?
  • If any are secondary reinforcers, speculate how they may have come to be secondary reinforcers. What were the primary reinforcers with which they may have been paired?

Response Guidelines

Read the posts of your peers and respond to two. Your response should be substantive and demonstrate your understanding of the material. What aspects of the post do you like or agree with and why? Are there areas that are not clear? Did the post spark questions that you would like to ask your peer? In this, and in all of your courseroom posts, be sure to keep your tone scholarly, respectful, and professional.

Case scenario for a patient with contact dermatitis.

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Practicum Case Scenario/ Study The following outlines general instructions for a case scenario/study submission. Please remember not to include any HIPPA information. Concerns and questions related to care should be included. Include references to treatment plans using APA format You can use https://nurseslabs.com/ or your choice. Completion of the case study counts toward the practicum experience. Case studies are expected to be a minimum of 500 words, detailed and comprehensive. 

· In this case this patient came in to be seen for a red rash to his neck (contact dermatitis)

Please follow the outline as below when submitting your case study:

NURSING 2021 Case Scenario/Study

Student Name: 

Submission Date: 

Case Study:

Patient Initials, Age, Gender

Subjective information from the patient (History of Present Illness/Symptoms)

Current Medications 

Medical History – Medical Problems

Objective findings from physical examination

Vital Signs, Weight, Height, BMI

Focused examination findings based on diagnoses being addressed.

Assessment

ICD-10 Diagnosis (include ICD-10 code) for contact dermatitis. 

Nursing Diagnoses https://nurse.org/resources/nursing-diagnosis-guide/

Or  https://nurseslabs.com/

Plan

Care Plan based on the diagnosis.

Include specific nursing care planning for patients to include.

Potential issues with achieving quality, comprehensive care.

Information on best practice care considerations.

Care outcomes from current treatment

Possible side effects of medications or treatments

Patient education planning/instructions

Care outcomes

Plans for a follow-up to review response to treatment.

References: APA format must be within the last 5 years.

Must

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Complete ALL of the bullet points below:

  • Definitions of the quality of medical care are no longer left to clinicians who decide for themselves what technical performance constitutes “good care.” What are the other dimensions of quality care and why are they important? What has changed since the days when “doctor knows best?”
  • Quality in medical care may be defined as achieving the greatest benefit at the lowest risk. How have the priorities of our health care system and the allocation of resources addressed this goal?
  • Contrast the definitions of implicit and explicit criteria in assessing health care quality. How is each type of criterion useful in the quality assessment?

Please submit one APA formatted paper of 1600 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of four scholarly sources.

Assignment Expectations

Length: 1600 words

Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimum word amount for this assignment.

References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least four scholarly sources to support your claims. References must be current and within 5 years. Check for grammatical errors and spelling.

Unit 4 Written Assignment: Risk Management

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You will first need to watch the following e-videos:

And then read the following articles:

Karakurt, G., Anderson, A., Badford, A., Dial, S., Korkow, H., Rable, F., & Doslovich, S. F. (2014). Strategies for Managing Difficult Clinical Situations in Between Sessions. The American journal of family therapy, 42(5), 413–425.https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2014.909657 (Links to an external site.)

Novotney, a. (2016). 5 Ways to Avoid Malpractice. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/03/malpractice (Links to an external site.)

  • After reading the articles and watching the videos, identify one of the case studies in the video or create a case study inspired by the video cases where law and ethics collide.
  • You may use an example in the video lecture and expand upon it with details. Discuss the laws and ACA ethics codes that are involved with the case.
  • Doc should contain detailed information, as well as include cultural (or diversity) variables.

Case Study Paper

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Unit 4 Individual Assignment

Individual Assignment (suggested level of effort: 3 hours)

Read the Suburban Homes Construction Project case study found at the end of chapters 1 through 4, CPM 4e （case attached ） and answer the following questions in a paper formatted using a question-response format:

Question 1 (from Unit 1) – What advice would you offer to Adam Smith on improving the performance of project management and increasing project success rate?  Minimum 250 words.

Question 2 (from Unit 4) – Describe the organizational structure that might best suit Suburban Homes.  Ensure that your discussion includes all possible structures and why each is ruled out.  Minimum 250 words.

Question 3 (from Unit 4) – Describe the type of lifecycle best suited for their emphasis on high-quality construction.  Ensure that your discussion includes at least 3 possible lifecycles and why two of them are ruled out.  Minimum 250 words.

You will be assessed on content and mechanics.

Content (30 points/question):  The content must be based on the case study materials and reading assignments.  The PMBOK 6e and CPM 4e, along with other reputable resources can be used to supplement the responses through summarizing, paraphrasing and quoting those sources.  

Mechanics (10 points):  Each question response must be at at minimum 250 words.  “Minimum” is that amount typically needed to meet expectations (to earn a “B”).  To exceed expectations (to earn an “A”), a deeper discussion is needed. Each reference should be listed at the end of the paper following APA guidelines.  Online blogs are not acceptable references.  See Purdue OWL website for guidance on in-text citations.

Your Instructor will use Turn-it-in to ensure your paper is authentic work. To avoid plagiarism, see the course home page for more information and use the Purdue Online Writing Lab to learn how to paraphrase, summarize and cite the references you use in all academic writing assignments.

Deliverable 7 – Develop a Proposal for Healthcare Reform Deliverable 7 – Develop a Proposal for Healthcare Reform

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Scenario

The United States continues to experience challenges with respect to health reform. There is considerable agreement on the need for health reform; however, there is an appreciable divide with respect to how to best achieve reform. Discussions on strategies for reform include a repeal of current legislation (the ACA), the implementation of a universal plan, and various “fixes” to the ACA.

Many would suggest that a repeal of the current system would be most appropriate, while others support efforts to “fix” the current ACA. The health organization you work for has asked you to develop a comprehensive proposal for healthcare reform.

The U.S. expends more of its Gross Domestic Product on healthcare than any other developed nation. However, the superior amount of spending has not resulted in superior outcomes when compared to other countries. In addition to higher costs, the U.S. is the only developed country that does not offer universal health to its citizens. There has been a significant amount of discourse with respect to the pros and cons of universal coverage. Those who oppose universal coverage often refer to the Canadian, single-payer system and its challenges, such as high tax liabilities for citizens, its long wait times, and the perception of the single payer system as socialized medicine. However, those in favor of universal coverage argue that the single payer system is not socialized medicine and its costs relative to the current system in the U.S. is more cost effective. Moreover, the single payer system is only one form of universal coverage. Countries that consistently rank high in terms of positive health outcomes often employ a multi-payer universal system as opposed to a single-payer system.

Instructions

You will analyze the current literature on the health system in the U.S. Your final project will include a paper, a voiceover PowerPoint presentation, and an infographic of your proposed solution. Possible solutions include a single payer universal plan, a multi-payer universal plan, a potential enhancement to the ACA such as adding a public option, Medicare for all, or a complete repeal of the current law.

The three (3) deliverables are:

  1. A paper that includes the challenges facing the U.S. in terms of balancing the iron triangle of health – Costs, Access, and Quality. Please address the following:
  2. An examination of current policy
  3. A discussion of whether healthcare should be considered a right or a privilege
  4. A discussion of the role of special interest groups on health reform
  5. Articulate the significance of the involvement the Congressional Budget Office in determining the cost effectiveness of reform
  6. Explain the importance of considering existing privacy laws in reform efforts
  7. Describe and justify your potential solution to current challenges facing the U.S., including resource allocation
  8. A voiceover PowerPoint presentation that summarizes the major challenges facing the U.S. in terms of balancing the iron triangle of health, a comparison of various possible solutions, and your proposed solutions.
  9. An infographic that outlines your final proposed solution to the current challenges facing the U.S. in terms of balancing the iron triangle of health.

Deliverable 4- Managing your sales force

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Assignment Content

  1. Competency
    Describe the key functions of managing a salesforce.

    Student Success Criteria
    View the grading rubric for this deliverable by selecting the “This item is graded with a rubric” link, which is located in the Details & Information pane.

    Scenario
    You are the regional sales manager for International Herb Express (IHE) which is a large, US-based spice & herbs supplier. IHE sells to other businesses that purchase bulk spices and spice blends for use in their end products. The primary customers are baking and soup mix corporations that sell to other businesses, for example, bakeries, restaurants, other food-service, and regional grocery chains. IHE is launching a new spice blend that reflects a more diverse cultural & ethnic flavor profile than IHE’s traditional offerings.
    The abridged marketing strategy for this new spice blend is to target both current customers, but also to reach new customers that are target regions with higher ethnic diversity and/or the more adventurous “foodies” market. The marketing efforts will focus on taste testing, sampling, and on-site promotion. IHE is launching this marketing plan to help create a product offering that is not as commodity-driven (as most spices and herbs are the same quality no matter where they are purchased) and can potentially offer higher profit margins.
    It is important to note that spices and other ingredients are raw goods and traded as commodities. The raw price for these goods changes on a day-to-day basis. Pricing is based on classic supply and demand, though nature is a key contributor to the supply–extreme weather as well as health of crops have a direct impact on the supply chain and access to the raw goods.

    Instructions
    With the launch of the new product offering, it has been determined that a new sales team dedicated to the new product line will be the best approach. You will need to select current sales representatives from the company as well as hire new sales representatives to create the final sales team of 8 professionals.
    The new sales force will be given the assignment of connecting and educating current customers on the new spice blend offering. The sales force will also be responsible for identifying the top, new potential customers and educating them. The goal after one year is to have 10% of the current customer base also ordering the new products as well as having at least one new customer per sales professional.
    To prepare for the new team, you need to create the following documents and submit as one, unified document:

    • The formal job description for this new sales team which should include a brief description, list of required skills, and qualifications as well as a list of desired (but not required) skills.
    • An organizational chart highlighting how the 8 sales representatives are organized (by regions, by customer industry or size for example).
    • An email to the Vice President of Sales and Marketing recognizing and recommending the need for her to spend time with this new sales team as a motivational tool.
    • Supporting paragraphs used to explain each piece to further clarify and rationalize the choices made.

New-1

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  I need a minimum of 200 words for each question a total of 800 words.

#1.) Your boss has asked you to put together an informal outline/presentation on the risk-return tradeoff. In your own words, discuss the tradeoff. Does a risky investment always equal a big payoff and vice versa? What does it mean to be a risk-averse versus a risk-taker? What types of information must be considered when it comes to risk and return? Explain.

#2.)  Assume you are starting a new business such as a restaurant, barber shop, or spa, for example, and discuss the types of information you would access and research to get the business started. For instance, would you look at the local Small Business Administration’s website for guidance on how to fund and setup a new firm? What financial tools would be useful, and how would they assist you in the startup process? Explain.

#3.) What is finance? Briefly discuss how the study of finance is essential to business today. There are other areas of business, such as marketing, human resources, and management. How does finance impact them? In other words, can a business efficiently run without everyone having some knowledge of the field? Explain.

#4.) Discuss the 2007-2008 financial crisis and what impact it had on the financial markets. Who was impacted? What caused the crisis, and how can a future crisis be prevented? Explain.

week 6 final project

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Week 6 – Final Project

  • Learning and Cognition Final Project

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, review the feedback given to you by your instructor and peers on your Interactive Assignment in Week 5 and contact your instructor if you have any questions. In Week 5 you chose your audience, and the mode of presentation (recorded webinar or instructional/training manual). You will complete the development of your project for this assignment. Effective time management is encouraged to ensure a quality project.

As a reminder, the purpose of this project is to clearly and concisely explain the theory you chose and at least three applications to the organization (audience) you chose, sharing helpful strategies and your developing knowledge about learning and cognition.

As a student of psychology, as you develop your knowledge you may be asked to present concepts to organizations or even at academic conferences. Even at the University of Arizona Global Campus there will be opportunities for you to present your knowledge (Psych Club symposiums, Teaching and Learning Conference, and research symposiums) and hence, developing this skill will help you both academically and professionally. Although using technology can be a bit daunting, in this age, it is imperative that we become more comfortable with this mode of communication. In addition, if you continue your education towards a doctorate at an online institution you may have to defend your dissertation or applied project online so starting your development now, using these technologies is helpful. This is why option 1 for this project is a recorded webinar/presentation.

If you do not currently have the technology to complete this option successfully, Option 2 is an instructional/training manual for an organization that explains your knowledge and educates a group about how it is applicable and useful to them. Please see the examples given to you in Week 5 Interactive Assignment, as well as use search engines to look at other examples that may fit the style of instructional/training manual you wish to create.

Your choices of theories were behavior analysis (previously known as behaviorism), cognitivism, and information processing. You should use the theory you chose in Week 5. Each of presentation options have requirements. Be sure to review these requirements prior to completing the project.

Option A: The recorded webinar must include:

  • A URL link to the presentation in the “Submission Comment” section of Waypoint.
  • A concise explanation of your theory using slides or text overlays in your video.
  • Explanation of a minimum of three concepts and associated strategies based on the theory that could be applied to the organization (audience you chose) and best practices for applying them
  • Must include audio and visual text (i.e. your voice, slides with clear, readable text)
  • Must be a minimum of 15 minutes in length (Approximately 15 slides)
  • All information should be paraphrased and well-cited
  • Must include a reference slide or text overlay (Links to an external site.) (For example, if you present using yourself rather than slides, overlays can be added to it through programs such as screencast-o-matic (Links to an external site.).)
  • Audio must be clear and easily heard
  • Optional

Option B: The instructional/training manual must include:

  • Table of Contents
    • List all sections included in the instructional/training manual with the applicable page numbers
  • Preface (Links to an external site.)
    • 100 to 150 words
    • Provide an overview of the instructional/training manual and its potential use by your chosen audience. Make sure to identify the value of this information to your audience.  
  • Introduction to the major theory topic (behavior analysis, cognitivism, or information processing)
    • 200 to 300 words
    • Provide an introductory summary of the theory you chose to focus on and explain the value of knowing this information to your audience. Why do they need to know this information?
    • Also identify the areas of application strategies you will include in your instructional/training manual
    • Include a thesis sentence at the end of the introduction.
  • Major Topic and Inclusion of Potential Applications Discussion
    • 1500 to 2500 words
      • Organize in sections to help your reader see where the information is that you included.
      • Example: If writing about information processing, one could organize sections for each department of the organization and explain applications personalized for that team.
    • Be specific in your explanations about how the application aligns with theory and the benefit it could have for the organization
    • Paraphrase and use citations to support your information.
    • Apply basic research methods and skeptical inquiry to explain the theoretical perspectives and empirical research that substantiate the relationship between the topic and the application of it to the organization.
  • Conclusion (200 to 300 words)
    • Summarize the importance of your topic to the specific target group you chose (e.g. educators, specific company, etc.) within the learning and cognition domain. To see an example, revisit the Week 5 Interactive Assignment prompt.
    • Visuals
      • Include appropriate visuals to support your content. Be sure to cite where these were retrieved.

Both options:

  • Previous writings from this course verbatim may be used if applicable
  • Examples are located in the W5 Interactive Assignment
  • Although creative liberties are encouraged, all information incorporated should be supported and professionally presented through the consistent application of ethical principles and adherence to professional standards of learning and cognition psychology as applied to the chosen audience.
  • Must include citations and references
  • Must use your Academic Voice (Links to an external site.)
  • Must use at least seven scholarly sources. (Four of these sources were identified in Week 3 and may again be used.)
  • Must address the topics with critical thought and substantiated assertions
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.).
    • This includes any slides for the recorded webinar
  • Must include a references section that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in Formatting Your References List

Research Paper Prompt and submission – 1500 or more words – MLA format

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 · Due Friday by 11:59pm

Research Paper–

Issue/Topic: Celebrity, Celebrity Culture and the effects on society
1500 or more words
MLA format
Must include research from at least 4 scholarly sources (use HCC Library and GoogleScholar) I have attached 20 pdf with scholarly sources to choose from. 2 were provided from teacher Celebrity Culture Beneficial and The Culture of Celebrity. I have also attached a Word Document Research Paper Guide. Please read all the way to bottom more instructions at the bottom. Disregards Links and external cites those are the PDFs.

Celebrity is a popular cultural Links to an external site.phenomenon surrounding a well-known person. Though many celebritiesLinks to an external site. became famous as a result of their achievements or experiences, a person who obtains celebrity status does not necessarily need to have accomplished anything significant beyond being widely recognized by the public. Some celebrities use their fameLinks to an external site. to reach the upper levels of social status. Popular celebrities can wield significant influence over their fans and followers. Cultural historian and film critic Neal Gabler has described the phenomenon of celebrity as a process similar to performance art in which the celebrity builds intrigue and allure by presenting a manufactured image to the public. This image is reinforced through advertisingLinks to an external site. endorsements, appearances at high-profile events, tabloid gossip, and social mediaLinks to an external site. presence.

In previous decades, celebrity status was mainly reserved for film stars, televisionLinks to an external site. personalities, entertainersLinks to an external site., politicians, and athletesLinks to an external site.. Contemporary celebrities come from diverse fields ranging from astrophysics to auto mechanics, or they may simply be famous for their lifestyle or InternetLinks to an external site. antics. Social media platforms such as YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram provide the means for previously unknown individuals to cultivate a significant following. Celebrification is the process by which someone or something previously considered ordinary obtains stardom. Previously commonplace activities, such as practicing vegetarianismLinks to an external site. or wearing white t-shirts, can undergo celebrification when associated with a famous person or major event.

Celebrity culture exists when stardom becomes a pervasive part of the social order, commodified as a commercial brand. Celebrities’ personal lives are recast as products for consumption, with a dedicated fan base demanding information and unlimited access to the celebrity’s thoughts and activities. A niche community such as a fan base can be monetized through effective marketing that links brand loyalty to the consumer’s identity. Fans may be more likely to purchase a product or attend an event if they feel that doing so strengthens their relationship with a celebrity. Additionally, fans may worry that they will disappoint their idol if they do not own a specific item or support a specific cause. A person may feel that they need to support a celebrity if that support reinforces their membership in a specific group or demographic.

Find scholarly sources that focus on celebrity and celebrity culture and the impact it has had (whether past or present) and make arguable claims (take a position) on what these terms mean, how they have impacted society (positively? negatively? something in between?) and possibly how it is or has changed and what this means for the future. 

ALL QUOTATION OR PARAPHRASE should be cited in-paper (put the author’s name or other source identifier directly in your paper).  Failure to give credit to the author is plagiarism and will result in a zero for the assignment