Redo-2

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 Q1. Research paper: 5 pages ——- Separate Document 

You have been hired as the CSO (Chief Security Officer) for an organization. Your job is to develop a computer and internet security policy for the organization that covers the following areas:

a)Computer and email acceptable use policy

b)Internet acceptable use policy

c)Password protection policy

Make sure you are sufficiently specific in addressing each area. There are plenty of security policy and guideline templates available online for you to use as a reference or for guidance. Your plan should reflect the business model and corporate culture of a specific organization that you select.  Include at least 3 scholarly references in addition to the course textbook.  At least Five of the references cited need to be  peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles from the library.  Your paper should meet the following requirements: 

  • Be approximately 5 full pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
  • Follow APA7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
  • Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find resources.
  • Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.

 Q2.  Research paper: 5 pages 

This week, you have to read about server virtualization and cloud computing in chapter 6 of your textbook. For your written assignment this week, complete a case study of the organization you work for (use a hypothetical or “other” organization if more applicable) that will address the following prompts:

a)Describe the organization’s environment, and evaluate its preparedness for virtualization.

b)Explain Microsoft (or another product) licensing for virtualized environments.

c)Recommend a configuration for shared storage; make sure to discuss the need for high availability and redundancy for virtualization for the organization.

d)Explain Windows Azure capabilities for virtual machines and managing a hybrid cloud, including Windows Azure’s Internet as a Service (IaaS) and storage capabilities

Make a recommendation for cloud computer use in the organization, including a justification for your recommendations.   Your paper should meet the following requirements: 

  • Be approximately 5 full pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
  • Follow APA7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
  • Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find resources.
  • Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.

Q3.  Research paper –  COSO Framework : 5 pages ——- Separate Document

The COSO framework of internal controls is practiced within companies around the world. The objectives of the COSO framework are closely related to its five components. For this week’s activity, please discuss these five components of the COSO framework. Be sure to include each components’ impact on each of the COSO framework objectives. What do you feel an auditor would most be concerned with during an IT audit? Lastly, discuss suggestions for integrating COSO framework compliance into a company in which you are familiar. Your paper should meet the following requirements:

  • Be approximately 5 full pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
  • Follow APA7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
  • Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find resources.
  • Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.

WK8 Intersection of Sexuality, Gender, and Culture

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Most societies explicitly tie gender to sexuality. Think about the acceptance of boys “sowing their wild oats,” while girls engaging in the same behavior are “slut-shamed.” Gender may influence sexuality or sexual experience due to a culture’s socialization or enforcement of gender roles and expectations. Within the modern Western world, same-sex sexual orientation was perceived as deviant because it deviated from prescribed gender behavior of what it means to be a “man” (e.g., men have sex with women).

The experience of gender and sexuality becomes more complex when working with transgender and gender nonconforming clients. Individuals who are transgender or gender non-conforming may identify as heterosexual or as a sexual minority. Whether one is cis-gender (identifying with the sex assigned at birth) or transgender/gender nonconforming, gender will affect your sexual experience as you navigate gender performance with your sexual partners based society’s assumptions of your sexuality.

In the Assignment this week, you analyze the intersection of sexuality, gender, and culture.

 (2- to 3 pages):

Use the five family life-cycle stages listed in the Sexuality in Adulthood Across the Family Life Cycle chart to organize your thoughts for this assignment. For this:

  • Explain the difference between gender identity and sexual orientation, and why it is important professionally to understand this difference.
  • Explain cultural influences on gender and sexuality. Consider both cisgender and transgender experiences.
  • Explain specific challenges an individual who is transgender or gender non-binary may experience related to their sexuality.
  • Explain how you would advocate within your professional role for gender variant clients.

Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the resources for this course.

Thinking about Industrial/Organizational Psychology

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During this course – you have learned about some common theories of organizational behaviour, you have learned about your own personality, various ways to motivates employee’s and also about rewards. Part of the learning for this course is for you to create positive ways in which to seek out understanding of how and why employees and employers make decisions and behave in certain ways. 

For this assignment you are going to explore creative ways to solve problems. You have learned about the PADIL framework for problem solving, various problem-structuring tools to reframe or define a given problem and methods to solve issues while being aware of judgements in error.

Students will consider the following case example and apply a possible solution while integrating your learning (theory, research and practice).

Case Example

The workplace is an important setting for health promotion. Studies show that the leadership of the organization plays a critical role for creating and sustaining a health promoting workplace. There is a need for organizations to embrace multiple ways to create safe and healthy workplaces. 

As demonstrated during the COVID 19 Pandemic organizations have had to shift rapidly to doing business in a new way. This can cause a great deal of stress which in turn impacts employee performance and customer satisfaction.

Some staff members and customers are resistant to following WorkSafe protocols such as wearing a mask or using social distancing. This is causing a great deal of stress for employee’s and customers. Management is seeking support on how to keep people safe and solving this problem.

Describe how you, as an organizational behaviour consultant, might define the problem using the PADIL framework and provide specific examples on how to solve this problem.

Please remember to reference your work and include a title page and reference page.

Please address the following:

a. Describe the Rational Decision-Making Model framework (approx. 2 paragraphs)

b. Explain what the core issues are that the organization/management is facing (approx. 2-3 paragraphs)

c. Apply the Rational Decision Making Model framework and provide 2 creative ways to solve the issues you identified (2-3 paragraphs)

d. Analyze the findings and comment on judgement and bias that may apply to this situation – describe ways to identify and avoid bias. (2-3 paragraphs)

e. Conclusion describe what you learned (1-2 paragraphs)

1. Executive Summary/ Abstract – 5

2. Problem Identification & Scope -10

3. Case Analysis- 25

4. Recommendation and Conclusions- 10

5. Organization & Critical Thinking – Demonstration of thought process and analysis of problem and resolution using own thoughts and ideas – 20

6. Readability & Style – Clarity of thought and appropriate level of language use that brings the author’s thoughts and ideas to the reader – 10

7. Please remember it is an academic writing, so the reference should be more preferred from Indian and Canadian authors/ articles and those write-up should be easily available on public search engine.

Database Management Systems

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Analyze the following table (see the Word document called “CS352 – IP3”) and reorganize the table into Boyce-Codd Normal Form, at each step describing what is needed to move to the next Normal Form and why each step meets the Normal Form requirements.

Show unnormalized table given and progression through the normal forms up to Boyce Codd in logical data models.

Include explanation of how each normal form is met as you progress through the process of breaking down this unnormalized table to tables meeting Boyce Codd normal form.

Part 2: In addition, transform your data model (your EERD created in phase 2 IP) into a logical model, to third normal form. Describe why each table is in third Normal Form. In your logical data model identify the primary keys in each table as bolded and underlined and each foreign key as italicized and underlined.

Submission for phase 3 IP includes:

Logical Data Model for the supplied table(Part 1) with a description of how it moved through UNF to 1NF to 2NF to 3NF and Boyce Codd.

Logical Data Model for Part 2 with a description of how each table is in third normal form.

The first is the table to review, the second attachment is the currant assignment with the ERD. Need at least 2 references in APA with intext citations

FINANCIAL PLAN AND OPERATIONS PLAN

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In this assignment, you will focus on these sections of your business plan:

  • Operations.
  • Technology.
  • Management.
  • Social Responsibility.
  • Financials.

You will revise the Operations, Social Responsibility, and Financials sections based on the feedback you received in the discussion threads and any changes you want to make to your business plan.

The Technology and Management and Organization sections are new. You have not worked on these sections in your discussion threads.

The assignment consists of two parts:

  1. The business plan (an MS Word document).
  2. Business plan financials (using the Business Plan Financials Excel Template).

To successfully complete this assignment, you must attach both documents to the submission area as separate files and then click Submit.

Reminders and Notes
  • Your chosen company will operate in a 100-mile radius from your home address. Your goal is to reach $1 million in sales by the end of the second year.
  • Be sure to follow the guidelines, whether you use the snack food company scenario or the company of your choice:
  • You are not starting this assignment from scratch. You have already worked on these sections of your business plan in the weekly discussions:
    • Operations (Week 5 discussion).
    • Social Responsibility (Week 6 discussion).
    • Financials (Week 7 discussion).

Part 1: Business Plan

Write a 4–8 page paper, in MS Word, in which you provide the specified information in each section.

Operations Section (1–2 pages)

Notes:

  • Chapter 11, “Operations,” pages 195–218, provides information about developing an operations plan. The chapter also provides a sample operations plan. You’ve already read this chapter in Week 5. Refer to it on an as needed basis as you work on this section of your business plan.
  • Assign a dollar amount to each operational cost you find; you will need these figures for your financials (Business Plan Financials Excel Template).
  • If you are working with the snack food company scenario, be sure to use the information and costs provided in the Snack Food Company Guidelines.
  • Revise your post and the feedback you received on it in the Week 5 discussion thread to create your operations plan.

Instructions:

  • Create an operations plan for your selected company expanding on each of these topics:
    • Facilities.
      • Consider questions such as these regarding facilities:
        • Will you rent or buy your facilities, or will you outsource production to an existing company?
        • If you are renting or buying your facilities, what utilities will be required to run the operation?
        • What will be the costs associated with any necessary utilities?
    • Production Process or Description of How Your Business Will Operate If Retail or Service Company.
      • Include any equipment you plan to use, if applicable.
        • Research needed equipment, such as machines, refrigerators, burners, ovens, and so on.
        • Will you rent or buy needed equipment?
        • How will you maintain and clean the equipment?
        • How will you ensure quality control?
        • What capacity do you intend to reach?
        • If you have a retail or service business, consider any equipment you might need in your process.
      • Explain your approach to inventory, as applicable.
        • Where do your supplies come from?
        • What is your turnaround time to produce your product once you have received an order?
    • Research and Development.
      • How will you stay abreast of new developments in the industry?
      • What new products or services are in development?
    • Personnel Needs in Operations.
      • How many operations employees do you plan to have?
      • What will their roles be?
Technology Section (1–2 pages)

Notes:

  • Chapter 12, “Technology Plan,” pages 225–234, provides information about developing a technology plan. The chapter also provides a sample technology plan. You’ve already read this chapter in Week 5. Refer to it on an as needed basis as you work on this section of your business plan.
  • Assign a dollar amount to each technology cost you find; you will need these figures for your financials (Business Plan Financials Excel Template).
  • If you are working with the snack food company scenario, be sure to use the information and costs provided in the Snack Food Company Guidelines.
  • Consider the type of technology your selected company will use to conduct activities, such as managing personnel; taking, fulfilling, and tracking orders; managing inventory; communicating with customers and providing customer service; and producing your product or providing your service.

Instructions:

  • Create a technology plan for your selected company expanding on each of these topics:
    • Software Needs.
      • Examples of software you might need include: graphics, customer relationship management, accounting, inventory, and office suite.
    • Hardware Needs.
      • Examples of hardware you might need include: computers, monitors, servers, routers, and tablets.
    • Telecommunication Needs.
      • Examples of telecommunication equipment you might need include: phones, Internet, fax, and mobile phones.
    • Personnel Needs in Technology.
      • Will your technology personnel be in-house or outsourced?
Management and Organization Section (1–2 pages)

Notes:

  • Chapter 13, “Management & Organization,” pages 235–258, provides information about developing a management and organization plan. The chapter also provides a sample management and organization plan. This chapter was part of the assigned reading for this week. Refer to this chapter on an as needed basis as you work on this section of your business plan.
  • Be sure to include the salary costs associated with the management personnel; you will need these figures for your financials (Business Plan Financials Excel Template).

Instructions:

  • Create a management and organization plan for your selected company expanding on each of these topics:
    • Key Management Employees.
      • List key management team members along with a several sentence description of each person’s relevant business background and responsibilities.
    • Advisors.
      • List any people you will use as advisors for your business; include a several sentence description of these individuals’ areas of expertise and their expected contribution to the business.
    • Management Hierarchy.
      • Outline your company’s management hierarchy using the flow charts on page 248 of your text as a guide.
      • Import/include all charts or diagrams into the MS Word document.
Social Responsibility Section (1–2 pages)

Notes:

  • Chapter 14, “Social Responsibility & Sustainability,” pages 259–270, provides information about developing your social responsibility plan. The chapter also provides a sample social responsibility and sustainability plan. You’ve already read this chapter in Week 6. Refer to it on an as needed basis as you work on this section of your business plan.
  • Revise your post and the feedback you received on it in the Week 6 discussion thread to create your social responsibility plan.

Instructions:

  • Create a social responsibility plan for your selected company expanding on each of these topics:
    • Impact on Stakeholders.
      • Describe the ways your chosen company will impact stakeholders, such as employees, customers, suppliers, and the community. This is the people section of the triple bottom line.
        • What types of benefits (such as health care, flexible work hours, and opportunities for advancement and education) will your company offer employees?
        • What types of opportunities (such as classes, sponsored events, and assistance to causes and charities) will your company offer the community?
    • Environmental Impact.
      • Explain how your company’s activities will affect the environment.
      • Identify the steps you will take to mitigate any negative impacts.
        • How will you minimize your ecological footprint in your operations? Consider energy usage, waste disposal, recycling, using recycled materials, et cetera.
Formatting

Format your assignment according to these requirements:

  • This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course.
  • Typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
  • You must include headings in your paper for each major topic.
  • Include a cover page containing the assignment title, your name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
  • Include a source list page. All sources used must be listed in the source list page and have a corresponding in-text citation. Citations and references must follow SWS format. The source list page is not included in the required page length.
    • Note: There is no minimum requirement for the number of resources used in this assignment.

Part 2: Business Plan Financials

Revise the Business Plan Financials Excel Template based on feedback from the Week 7 discussion thread and changes you make to your business plan.

  • Be sure the numbers in the Business Plan Financials Excel Template match any numbers included in the Operations, Technology, and Management and Organization sections of your business plan narrative.
  • Remember that the guidelines, whether for your own startup company or for the snack food company scenario, provide helpful information on completing the worksheets within the Business Plan Financials Excel Template.

Learning Outcomes

The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:

  • Create an operations, technology, and management plan for a company, including considerations for ethics and social responsibility and business financials.

Week 10

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  • Choose a company that is small to medium sized, is not publicly traded, and does not have an e-commerce presence.
  • Explain the company’s products and/or the services they provide.
  • Suggest two beneficial processes (or changes) to the company’s operations that will motivate them to integrate e-commerce. Make sure the benefits you selected maps to the benefits mentioned in the readings and outline and in the accounting context.

Respond:

 

The company I have chosen is Ross dress for less, an off-price store that sells clothing and housing goods, their -e-commerce presence is barely there, you can’t even purchase their products online, you are able to look at their products, but you will have to go into the physical store to purchase, this has had to cause a crushing blow to their sales during the recent pandemic when online shopping was the only way to shop.

The first and most beneficial change they need to make is for customers to be able to purchase their products online, which will give the company access to a broad market of customers all over the world 24/7. The company will also need to embrace technology make that the driving force in the quest to become a successful e-commerce business, this will enable them to become more visible as a digital business.

who have done the Talent Q test ? I need an expert

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i applied for a job and they want me to do the Q test and I have it done before and here is the instructions.

  – Elements (verbal ability test)
– Elements (numerical ability test)
– Elements (logical ability test)

Please click the following hyperlink which will automatically log you in :-

Login to My Assessments

Please read the information below in full before starting.

Elements (Verbal) measures your analytical reasoning skills in relation to interpreting written information and reports. It comprises a computer-based test to assess how well you analyse business-related information. You will have the opportunity to complete some practice questions online before the main testing session. Before you begin Elements (Verbal), please make sure:
– you are not disturbed (e.g. switch off your mobile phone)
– to have your reading glasses if you need them
The test will take approximately 15 minutes and will be timed by the computer. Also note that you will not be able to skip or go back to previous questions. Elements (Numerical) measures your analytical reasoning skills in relation to using figures, data and statistics. It comprises a computer-based test to assess how well you analyse business-related information. You will have the opportunity to complete some practice questions online before the main testing session. Before you begin Elements (Numerical), please make sure:
– you are not disturbed (e.g. switch off your mobile phone)
– to have a pen, paper, calculator prepared next to you; and your reading glasses if you need them
The test will take approximately 15 minutes and will be timed by the computer. Also note that you will not be able to skip or go back to previous questions. 
Elements (Logical) measures your reasoning skills in relation to understanding and manipulating abstract or logical symbols. It comprises a computer-based test to assess how well you handle this type of information. You will have the opportunity to complete a practice question online before the main testing session. Before you begin Elements (Logical), please make sure:
– you are not disturbed (e.g. switch off your mobile phone)
– to have your reading glasses if you need them
The test will take approximately 10 minutes and will be timed by the computer. Also note that you will not be able to skip or go back to previous questions. 

Managerial Economics 07/24

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Q1. write an APA formatted paper of minimum five (5) pages about the following:

● Explain the Five Forces Framework and Industry Profitability of Michel Porter.

● Describe the four market structures of Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic

Competition, and Oligopoly.

● Analyze the relation between the five forces and different market structures.

● Apply your understanding in the evolution of the market in the computer industry (Page 223).

Q2. This article summary should not be the only article researched for your Q1

assignment. You may (and should) have several other articles researched to fully answer your

Q1 assignment. Please ensure that your reference for the article is in correct APA format, as your

reference in your discussion post. Depending on which electronic database you use, you

should see a “Cite” selection for your article. In addition, there should be a variety of articles

summarized and as such, students should have different articles summarized. Your summary

MUST include ALL of the following in your answer (include every item in the bullet list below,

or you will not receive full credit):

Do these in order:

● In correct APA format, write the Reference of the article.

● Clearly state what the article is about and its purpose.

● Describe how you will use it in your upcoming assignment.

● Repeat for a total of six (6) peer-reviewed sources.

Research related to how company utilizes information

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The purpose of this assignment is to conduct research related to how a specific company utilizes information related to consumer behavior, product mix or service processes, and pricing to create marketing plans that will meet business needs including their specified marketing objectives.

Review:

Review the following topic materials.

Topic 3: “Consumer Purchasing Decisions”

Topic 4: “What Is a Product?” “What Is a Service,” and “Service Delivery”

Topic 5: “Pricing and Breakeven Analysis”

Part 1:

Continuing in the role of a marketing professional who has been tasked with completing a marketing plan for a client, refer back to the research you completed in the Topic 2 Part 1: Research as a starting point for the assignment. Conduct additional research related to consumer behavior, the company’s specific product or service, and the company pricing strategy, and use it to complete the “Marketing Plan Analysis and Presentation: Part 2 – Research Template.”

Part 2:

Create a 15-20 slide PowerPoint presentation that summarizes your marketing plan analysis based upon the research you have conducted. Slides should address each of the key areas listed below and should include speaker notes that explain how the company could have used what it learned about consumer behavior, product or service, and pricing to help it develop a marketing plan in order to meet the company marketing objectives and business needs. Include a slide at the end of the presentation to cite your research sources.

Company Background:

  1. Company name, vision, and mission.
  2. Company marketing objectives.

Consumer Behavior:

  1. Describe the customer segments and target markets.
  2. Describe characteristics of the target markets that will affect product/service and pricing decisions.
  3. Describe how the company differentiates its product and positions its brand.
  4. Describe a consumer buying behavior model for this company and brand.

Product or Service:

  1. Describe the product mix.
  2. Describe the product lines.
  3. Describe the service processes.
  4. Discuss physical evidence of service, service scape, and ambiance.
  5. Discuss the roles of company employees in service delivery.

Price:

  1. Define the company’s pricing objectives and discuss whether the objectives are profit- or sales-oriented.
  2. Provide example of current company pricing strategies.
  3. Describe pricing tactics (discounts, etc.) that are used to drive short-term demand.

General Requirements:

Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

Submit the “Marketing Plan Analysis and Presentation: Part 2 – Research Template” and PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Benchmark Information

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:

BS Accounting; BS Business Administration; BS Business Analytics; BS Business Information Systems; BS Business Management; BS Entrepreneurial Studies; BS Finance; BS Finance and Economics; BS Hospitality Management; BS Marketing and Advertising; BS Sports Management; BS Supply Chain and Logistics Management

2.1: Demonstrate appropriate research strategies for acquiring information necessary to meet specific business needs. 

HLSS645 3 Forums

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Please Follow directions or I will dispute 

Must be done 12 noon EST.. No exceptions 

please answer original forum 1,2 and 3 separately , with a minimum of 250 words and respond to both students separately with a minimum of 100 words each.

First page Original Forum #1 with references 

 rohr response with references 

crandLe response with references 

second page Original Forum with References 

rohr response with references 

carver response with references 

third page Original Forum with References 

Rohr response with references 

tiffani response with references 

Page 1 Original Forum 

What do YOU consider to be the great threat to port security in the next decade?  Is it increased reliance on cyber systems? More automation in operations? The continued unrest around the world? The lack of diversity within the MTS work force?

Student Response 

Rohr

Based on the readings and discussions throughout this course, we have identified that one of the biggest threats facing port security and the maritime industry in general is that of a cyber-attack. Already in the first quarter of 2021 there have been ten major cyber attacks made throughout the world and dozens if not hundreds of smaller ones that do not make the headlines (Meharchandani, 2021). Thus, it stands to reason that the next decade will be more of the same. 

We have also seen an increase in a reliance on cyber controlled systems and automation across the manufacturing and transportation system’s spectrum (DuBois, 2020). Covid-19 and the steps taken by governments across the world have shown that automation and a subsequent command and control structure, if you will, for it will allow business as usual to proceed in the future as long as the physical infrastructure is not damaged or destroyed. Elon Musk has been working on self-driving cars and semi-trucks to ease our everyday lives. It is only a matter of time until we see “self-driving” ships transiting the ocean with thousands of containers or other goods (PR Newswire, 2021). These things are in the works and are only possible through the integration of cyber systems into the very heart of the machines. 

The combined reliance on automation to both reduce the manufacturing and transportation costs as well as streamline the transportation process and the required use of cyber systems to make it happen will lead to these being the top threats to port security and the security of the maritime transportation system in the coming decade.

-Heath

Sources:

DuBois, E. (2020, December 28). Experts discuss the growth of cyber threats amid the pandemic. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/12/28/experts-discuss-the-growth-of-cyber-threats-amid-the-pandemic/. 

Meharchandani, D. (2021, April 20). 10 Major Cyber Attacks Witnessed Globally in Q1 2021. Security Boulevard. https://securityboulevard.com/2021/04/10-major-cyber-attacks-witnessed-globally-in-q1-2021/.

crandell 

I foresee being the greatest threat to port security within the next decade would be an ever-more presence of cybersecurity crimes involving data theft. With artificial intelligence (AI) being implemented into technology, it is the chosen medium being utilized to secure and protect the masses. Current threats maritime ports battle against include: terrorism, piracy, smuggling of stowaways, and drugs, cargo theft and fraud, bribery and extortion. According to MARSH, insurance brokers and risk advisors of the industry, ‘geopolitical tension’ has ranked as the number one issue (referencing category) of “…the likelihood of a certain issue occurring within the next 10ys…Consequently, creating a ‘cyber-attack and data theft’; which, fell second amongst this list (MARSH, 2019). Due to past agency and national challenges that were met with resolutions deemed unfair; this unrest led to “… changes that has marked implications for the global trade patterns and growth that propel industry activity, as well as for the global alliance structures that have underpinned maritime security, which are now shifting (MARSH, 2019).”
Considering gender roles and diversity within the maritime industry; males are dominant operators over females. History, has uncovered …companies overlooking key groups of talent – based on gender, culture, or ethnicity – will fail to evolve and adapt to the new reality (Despina Panayiotou Theodosiou,, 2019).” Fortunately,
according to interviewee and CEO of Tototheo Maritime and President of WISTA, data has begun to reflect a change in varying categories; and shipping and port operations is one industry where a “… changing world, with changing technology, demands a changing maritime workforce… Theodosious continues, “…Shipping is changing, but the question remains to be seen, is it changing quickly enough… Diversity has to be pushed higher up the agenda… and thankfully, that is beginning to happen (Despina Panayiotou Theodosiou,, 2019).”

References
Despina Panayiotou Theodosiou,. (2019, November 28). Article: Maritime-Executive. Retrieved from Diversity Key to Unlocking Maritime Sustainability: https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/diversity-key-to-unlocking-maritime-sustainability
MARSH. (2019). RESEARCH & BRIEFINGS: MARSH. Retrieved from Top Global Maritime Issues Facing the Shipping Industry: https://www.marsh.com/eg/en/insights/research-briefings/top-global-maritime-issues-facing-the-shipping-industry.html

Page 2 Original Forum 

Evaluate the importance of maritime trade and the Maritime Transportation System to the world economies and compare the challenges associated with port security. As part of your discussion, highlight the impact of economic dependency on maritime transportation, and illustrate the importance of mega ports to international trade. For example, what percentage of goods and services are transported by maritime means and what is the impact on the world economy?

Student Response 

Rohr 

As it has been stated several times throughout the lesson and the assigned readings, maritime trade is what makes the world go ‘round. Roughly ninety percent of all world trade is transported via the waterways; weather they are domestic passages like rivers and canals or across the oceans. The bottom line is that the international trade we have today would not be possible through just the combined use of rail, trucks, or planes. Andrew Goodwin’s presentation, “The Economic Value of Shipping and Maritime Activity in Europe” is a great example of how dependent the world is on maritime shipping. Not just for the movement of cargo, but for jobs and the associated economic value. The economies of many countries rely on the goods that they import and export. Take the oil producing nations in the Middle East, most rely on their exportation of oil as a source of revenue in order to import foods, building materials, and luxury items. If the ability of these countries to import or export goods is stopped, or heavily reduced, the effects can be devastating to the economy. This theory has been and sometimes still is the way wars are fought. Take the American Civil War as an example, General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan was to strangle the Confederacy into submission buy eliminating the ability to import machinery, weapons, and munitions while preventing the export of raw materials like cotton, tobacco, and foodstuffs. It was a war of attrition, but it was shortened by the blockading of Confederate ports and the Union’s control of the Mississippi River (GPO, 1897). This was also a part of the practice of sieges, although they were more concerned with limiting the food and water supply to starve out those who were besieged. While ports are rarely blockaded anymore, disrupting port operations can have long term effects on a country’s economy. Therefore, it is necessary for a country to protect its ports. In this day and age, the threat to a country’s ports are most likely to come from terrorists since the repercussions of a Nation disabling another’s port would be war.Due to the interconnectedness of modern trade, the effects of a country’s port being disabled could be felt all around the world much like the effects of the traffic stoppage through the Suez canal was and still is (Shalvey, 2021).

Carver 

As our reading suggests, (UNCTAD, 2016) maritime transport is the backbone of globalization, supports supply chains and enable international trade. While generating employment, income and revenue; maritime transport enables industrial development by supporting manufacturing growth; linking consumers to intermediate and capital goods industries; and promoting regional economic and trade integration. Maritime transport system, often referred to as maritime logistics, a central integrated component of global logistics systems, is imposed to provide not only transport-related services but also other related and wider logistics services in a more efficient and effective manner (Song & Panayides, 2015).

Due to trade tension with China, seaborn transport was met with some disruption in 2019, raising only .5% world GDP, compared to 2.8% world GDP the previous year (UNCTAD, 2020). Though this was the lowest level since the economic downturn in 2008-09, maritime industry still managed to transport more than 11 billion tons of cargo (UNCTAD, 2020) globally. The pandemic was yet another interference of more than 4% world GDP contraction in 2020 but is projected to level out this year (UNCTAD, 2020).

Spencer et al., (2019) states that with 90% of global trade moving by maritime transport, it is imperative that there must be a balance of national security and economic prosperity. At the 10th Annual Maritime Risk Symposium, RADM Tiongson addressed those current and emerging risks to the maritime transport system. Of those mentioned, I would suggest the prevalent security challenges is due to the increasing growth of the transport sector, not just in throughput, but larger vessels and port alike. This is all cause and effect that only intensifies the need for higher visibility of personnel, cargo, and infrastructure.

Reference

UNCTAD, Review of maritime transport, 2016: report1-104 (2016). New York, NY; United Nations Publication.

Song, D.-W., & Panayides, P. M. (2015). Maritime Logistics: a guide to contemporary shipping and port management. KOGAN PAGE.

UNCTAD, Review of maritime transport, 2020: report1–146 (2020). New York, NY; United Nations Publication.

Spencer, C. (2019, November). 2019 Annual Maritime Risk Symposium. 10th Annual Maritime Risk Symposium. https://www.sunymaritime.edu/MRS2019.

Page 3 Original Forum 

Consider how you would categorize the vulnerabilities of Port systems to disruption by discussing the significance of the Secure Freight Initiative. Be sure to explain the importance of CPB’s Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CT-PAT), and the resultant implications in delays in screening cargo on port operations.

 Student Response 

Rohr

The Secure Freight Initiative is a great idea. This is similar to the discussions of last week where different ways of scanning or screening containers at ports was the topic. Through the use of the radiography equipment per the Secure Freight Initiative, an increased level of safety at a port can be achieved for inbound containers (DHS, 2019). This process could cause some delays in the containers being loaded onboard ships, an improvement to the process could help reduce this. Increasing the number of monitors and trained personnel reviewing the inbound containers could prevent bottlenecks and ultimately delays in cargo processing. This addresses the inbound land cargo and containers, but the inbound seaborne containers are still at a low level of safety due to the unknown processing at there port of origin. This low level of safety is increased through the Customs and Border Protection’s implementation of the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (DHS, 2021). This allows for cargo and containers from trusted or verified partners to more quickly process their cargo since they follow a standardized practice of securing the containers. Afterall, the cooperation of all involved helps prevent security issues and delays in transportation; all of which would increase costs. Coupling the previous initiatives with the Container Security Initiative (DHS, 2019), allows for an increased level of safety for all ports since the containers are to be scanned at the port of origin prior to being loaded onto a ship and the Customs and Border Protection Agency is notified of any suspicious containers. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2019, May 31). CSI: Container Security Initiative. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/ports-entry/cargo-security/csi/csi-brief

Tiffani

The secure freight initiative is a combination of existing technology and proven nuclear detection devices. Containers from ports are scanned for radiation and information risk factors prior to being allowed to depart for the United States. Real time data is transferred to the United States to the Customs and Border Protection agency (DHS, 2019). If an alert occurs on a container, both Homeland Security and host officials receive an alert. The alerts or alarms are resolved local, protocols are in place to ensure resolution by the host government for any containers that are in-route to the United States (DHS, 2019). 

There are multiple layers in the Security Freight Initiative. These multiple layers build upon a risk-based approach. To security the international supply chain the department of homeland security and customs and boarder protection agencies leverage other programs to assist in the initiative (DHS, 2019). The National Nuclear Security Administration Mega Ports Initiative is an initiative that allow foreign governments to receive and install specialized radiation equipment. This equipment is used to deter, detect, and interdict many different forms of shipments that have the potential to contain nuclear and radioactive materials (DHS, 2019).

Another initiative is the Container Security Initiative which allows the customs and boarder protection agency the ability to inspect any high-risk container prior to those containers being loaded onto vessels that are on their way to the United States. The customs trade partnership against terrorism is a partnership with over 6,000 U.S. importers with the Department of Homeland Security that enables all their cargo that is to enter the country to be pre-screened (DHS, 2019). 

References

DHS. (2019, September 8). The Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved from Secure Freight Initiative: https://www.dhs.gov/secure-freight-initiative