Assessment 3 Instructions: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach

• P – Patient/population/problem.
• I – Intervention.
• C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).
• O – Outcome(s).
• T – Time frame (if time frame is relevant).
• The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search.
  You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health PCI(T) Process activity before you develop the plan proposal. This activity offers an opportunity to practice working through creating a PICO(T) question within the context of an issue at a Vila Health facility. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 3 successfully. This is for your own practice and self-assessment and demonstrates your engagement in the course.
  Demonstration of Proficiency
  By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
• Competency 1: Interpret findings from scholarly quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research articles and studies.
  • Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.
• Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.
  • Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.
  • Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.
• Competency 3: Apply an evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.
  • Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.
• Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.
  • Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style.
• Reference
  Boswell, C., Cannon, S. (2015). Introduction to nursing research. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.
  Professional Context
  As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted.
  PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question.
  Scenario
  For this assessment, please use an issue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.
  If you do not have an issue of interest from your personal nursing practice, then review the optional Case Studies presented in the resources and select one of those as the basis for your assessment.
  Instructions
  For this assessment, select an issue of interest an apply the PICO(T) process to define the question and research it.
  Your initial goal is to define the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. In some cases, a time frame is relevant and you should include that as well, when writing a question you can research related to your issue of interest. After you define your question, research it, and organize your initial findings, select the two sources of evidence that seem the most relevant to your question and analyze them in more depth. Specifically, interpret each source’s specific findings and best practices related to your issues, as well explain how the evidence would help you plan and make decisions related to your question.
  If you need some structure to organize your initial thoughts and research, the PICOT Question and Research Template document (accessible from the “Create PICO(T) Questions” page in the Capella library’s Evidence Based Practice guide) might be helpful.
  In your submission, make sure you address the following grading criteria:
• Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.
• Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.
• Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.
• Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.
• Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using the current APA style.
• Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

1- Discussion question: Describe the importance of evidence-based practice and describe how and where to search for evidence?

2- 3 paragraphs 3 sentences each.

3- 2 references not older than 2015

4- APA style

Now that the data has been collected using reliable and valid tools, researchers move onto the next step in the research process: Data Analysis. Data analysis is key for discovering credible findings from implementing nursing studies. Discussion and conclusions can be made about the meaning of the findings from the data analysis.

• Share what you learned about descriptive analysis (statistics), inferential analysis (statistics), and qualitative analysis of data; include something that you learned that was interesting to you and your thoughts on why data analysis is necessary for discovering credible findings for nursing.
• Compare clinical significance and statistical significance; include which one is more meaningful to you when considering the application of findings to nursing practice.

Dwayne and Debbie Tamai Family of Emeryville, Ontario.

Mr. Dwayne Tamai and Mrs. Debbie Tamai case of electronic harassment involved 15-year-old son, Billy, who took control of all of the electronic devices in the family’s home, including the phone, and manipulated them to the distress of other family members for his own amusement. The incidents began in December 1996, when friends of the family complained that phone calls to the Tamai home were repeatedly being waylaid, cut off missed messages, strange clicking and appears like a minor with a disembodied voice, unnervingly distorted by computer, who interrupted calls to make himself known.

After burping repeatedly, the caller frightened Mr. and Mrs. Tamai, and stated that I know who you are, and I stole your voice mail. Mocking, sometimes menacing, the high-tech stalker became a constant presence, eavesdropping on family conversations, switching TV channels, and shutting off the electricity.

The police department confirmed that the sabotage was an inside activity but refrain from releasing the name the culprit. The police further stated that nothing would be gained by filing charges against the suspect. Mr. Dwayne and Mrs. Debbie Tamai asserted that their son, Billy, had admitted engaging in the mysterious calls. The interruptions included burps, blathering and claims having control over the inner workings of the Tamai’s custom-built home, and the power to turn individual appliances on and off via remote control.

It started off as a witticism with friends and got out of control to an extent that he didn’t know how to end the entire operation, become afraid to come forward and tell the parents for the fear of us disowning him.

On Saturday, Mr., and Mrs. Tamai get organized and planned to take their son to the police department to defend him against persistent rumors on him. Instead, Mr., and Mrs. Tamai’s son confessed and labelled an intruder code-named, Sommy. Mr., and Mrs. Tamai eliminated all external sources and had confidence in interior sources. After 2-days, a team of investigators, intelligence and security experts loaded with high-tech equipment failed to locate Sommy. The next day, the team brought in two television networks to assist in the process.

In conclusion, the son, Billy not (Sommy) contacted the victims; (his biological parents), launched verbal threats in combination with the electronic harassment, in an effort to demonstrate his power and authority over them. The best option was, Mr., and Mrs. Tamai victims were not physically harmed, but terrified and greatly inconvenienced by the fact that the unknown force appeared to have control over a great many aspects of their lives, and the unknown force turned out to be their biological son, Billy.

Scenario: 1
Criminal motive is connected to emotional, psychological, and material need are often impel by means of behavior and independent of technology operation. These criminal tendencies are believed to champion the restoration of the criminal’s self-confidence, and self-worth which lead criminals to the path of temporary gratification, inadequacy, and incompetence.

Question 1

1:1 Provide a comprehensive narrative of Billy’s competency and creating emotional distress on his parents.

1:2 Identify the role of Sommy in this operation

Scenario 2

The police department confirmed that the sabotage was an inside activity but refrain from releasing the name the culprit. The police further stated that nothing would be gained by filing charges against the suspect.

2:1 What level of criminal behavior was exhibited by Billy in this operation?

2:2 The entire operation is classified as a serious domestic problem, why didn’t the police officer file charges against the suspect?

Scenario 3

3:1 Modern approach use computer and internet technologies identify offender modus operandi, criminal intent, and motive.

3:2 Describe the impact of computer and internet technologies of Billy MO and criminal motive in this situation.

You are an assistant to the Special Agent in Charge (SAC) of the Organized Crime Task Force. The SAC has asked you to go over certain witness-related situations that will be testified to in an upcoming trial. The SAC has concerns about some of the witness testimony and is trying to avoid embarrassment by turning in records that may not be usable by the Assistant United States Attorney (AUSA) who is prosecuting the case.

• Tommy “Two Toes” D’Natalia has a certified public accountant (CPA). He has been using his accountant to wash ill-gotten gains from his racketeering. The SAC has a subpoena for the CPA. D’Natalia is claiming privileged communication with his CPA, and it prohibits the accountant from testifying.
• Luigi “the Pipe” Cardone heard through the grapevine that Big Sal Salvatore has been telling everyone how he was told by Frankie “the Lip” Bonnano that Freddie “Fingers” Malone was murdered by his wife Slippery Sally Genovese-Malone. Cardone wants a deal to testify against Slippery Sally.
• Lawrence ‘Lucky’ Livorno drove the getaway car for a jewelry store heist. Bertram “Bugsy” Bertoli and Little Carmine D’Angelo went in and robbed the store. During the robbery, Bertoli shot and killed the store owner. D’Angelo and Livorno both want to testify to avoid the death penalty.

For your assignment, complete the following in 3–4 pages:

• Identify which testimony is hearsay and likely to be inadmissible.
• Identify which testimony is privileged communication and which is not.
• Identify how the Best Evidence Rule functions in relationship to the witness testimony being proffered.