Insurance and Reimbursement in the U.S, Health Care System Presentation

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The focus of this assignment will be on the foundation and processes that have been established, bringing the U.S. health care system where it is today. You will also consider how current and future plans for financing and reimbursement are currently impacting cost and access of health care.  

Create a 12-15 slide presentation that includes detailed speaker notes for each slide. In your presentation, explore the following points: 

  1. How was health care insurance established in the United States? 
  2. What is the purpose of different health care insurances? (i.e., private, group, self, public) 
  3. What is cost sharing, and how has this impacted health care? 
  4. What reimbursement methods are presently used? (e.g., bundled services, fee-for-service) 
  5. What are retrospective and prospective reimbursements? What are some positives and negatives of each? 
  6. Present and future national health expenditures. Provide a brief overview. How do they influence health care insurance at the present and how will they in the future? 

Do not count the title slide or the references slide when determining whether you have met the required number of slides for this assignment.  

A minimum of three references, in addition to your textbook, are required for this assignment. 

While APA style format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

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 Instructions:

Assignment 2: Income Support Policies

In this assignment, you must examine the philosophical underpinnings of the economic system and its relationship to ethics and social justice by examining income support policies. You will also view the socially constructed ways of developing and distributing resources and implementing societal values. You will examine the “problem of justice” by considering the following:

  • The distribution of goods and services
  • An individual’s share in goods and services
  • The allocation of rights and duties

Research income support policies using your textbook, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet.

Select two policies for examination from the list that follows. You can select from other types of income support policies; however, be sure to submit your choices to the facilitator for validation before continuing with this assignment.

  • Social Security
  • Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
  • Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

Then, compare and contrast the selected income support policies. Address the following:

  • List and describe each income support policy’s target population, means of funding, and intended outcomes.
  • Explain the positions a conservative politician or commentator, and a liberal politician would take on the policy. Address anything they might have in common ideologically and also describe their differences.
  • Give reasons and examples in support of your analysis.

Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria

  • Listed and described each income support policy’s target population, means of funding, and intended outcomes demonstrating in-depth research.
  • Explained each policy from the perspective of conservative politician or commentator, and a liberal politician.
  • Gave valid reasons and well-researched examples in support of assertions.
  • Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

Trade Secret Theft Study

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The purpose of this assignment is to determine when business assets may constitute intellectual property (IP), to analyze when an IP theft has occurred and possible remedies for IP theft, and to assess the importance of protecting and enforcing IP rights in a business setting.Read the following scenario. Futuretek sells high-tech computer chips and software to smartphone manufacturers worldwide. Futuretek maintains two software databases: one containing Futuretek’s customer list with nonpublic contact information for key personnel, and the other containing customer purchasing trends. The information in the two databases is available for employees to view and use in connection with their job duties.Dana is a computer programmer for Futuretek. Dana plans to run her own company one day and design and sell her own computer chips to smartphone companies. As an employee, she has access to the two databases containing Futuretek’s key purchaser and purchasing trends information.Dana decides to leave Futuretek and start her own computer chip business. Before she leaves, she makes a copy of the two databases on a portable hard drive. Dana uses the information to contact Futuretek’s customers and offer them cheaper, but comparable, computer chips manufactured by Dana’s new company, SmartChip.Futuretek becomes aware of Dana’s actions and asks you, the chief operations officer, for advice and recommendations on what to do.In a 5- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® or Prezi® presentation, complete the following:Determine whether Dana has taken Futuretek’s intellectual property (IP), and if so, describe the type(s) of IP that was taken.Explain any civil actions in tort or criminal actions that may be brought against Dana or SmartChip.Assume Futuretek sues SmartChip, and Futuretek wins the lawsuit. Recommend ethical policies that SmartChip can put into place to prevent future legal claims and litigation against the company.Recommend risk management procedures that Futuretek can implement to avoid or limit this type of activity from happening to the company in the future.Cite a minimum of two references according to APA guidelines.

Short Answer 1

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Select ONLY ONE of questions below and answer it completely. Cite your sources and use MLA, It should be between a paragraph and a page long.

1) Explain the similarities and differences between deviance and crime, and provide examples.

2) Explain the seven forms of transnational criminality that are in the wheel of terrorism, and explain their relationship to terrorism.

3) Contrast the consensus model and conflict model of law and crime.

4) Discuss Edwin H. Sutherland’s definition of criminology and why criminology can be described as a multidiscipline.

5) Describe the seven basic requirements for a human event to qualify as a crime according to Jerome Hall.

6) Explain what “typologies of crime” are, why typologies of crime are important, and provide examples that are discussed in the text.

7) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Crime Victimization Survey, and various self-report surveys in estimating the nature and extent of crime in the United States.

8) Discuss the principles of classical criminology, making reference to the works of both Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham.

9) Differentiate between psychological determinism and sociological determinism, including the scholars associated with each perspective.

10) Emile Durkheim had a powerful influence on contemporary criminology. Discuss Durkheim’s influence on criminology, making sure to discuss his most important contribution.

11) Discuss the psychoanalytic theory of criminality. Make sure to include a discussion of Freud’s contributions to the psychological perspective on criminality.

12) Discuss the three phases of moral development and which phase is most related to delinquency and criminality according to Lawrence Kohlberg and his colleagues.

13) The concept of “biocriminology” is offensive to many people. Discuss the criticisms of biocriminology.

English I(MB)#4

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Write a 750-1000 word essay about a pair of items in which the similarities and differences of those items are compared and contrasted in the style described within Unit III. Please note that the Comparative Essay Final will be due in Unit IV of this course. However, you should complete the entire paper in this draft and do your best work as you will have more applicable feedback from which to make changes to your essay for the final draft.  I have attached all required documents to assist creating this assignment:

Purpose: Throughout Unit III, we have discussed the conventions of the comparative essay. The purpose of this assignment is to measure your mastery of those conventions by putting your knowledge into practice. In a larger context, the purpose of writing a comparative essay is to gain the skills of detecting similarities and differences between at least two items and then using those similarities and differences to create knowledge about either one or both of the items. In this way, the comparative essay is a tool used for both observation and analysis.

Process: For the comparative essay, you will complete the following steps:

  1. Choose a pair of topics that complement one another: See the suggested list of topics in the      “Comparative Essay Topics Handout” below in the supplemental documents portion of these instructions.
  2. Create a list of similarities and differences: See Unit III, Lesson 2, for more instruction about how to create a list.
  3. Create a thesis statement based on similarities, differences, or both similarities and differences: See Unit III, Lesson 3, for more information about how to create a thesis statement.
  4. Choose whether to organize your essay by point or by subject: For an essay organized by point, see Unit III, Lesson 4, and the “Comparative Essay Example: Essay Organized by Point” below. For an essay organized by subject, see Unit III, Lesson 5, and the “Comparative Essay Example: Essay Organized by Subject” below.
  5. Consult the “Comparative Essay: Final Self-Check List” below before submission.

Stylistic details: All essays must meet the following requirements:

  • 750-1000 words.
  • Write in Times New Roman, 12 pt. font.
  • Include one-inch margins on all sides.
  • Use double spacing (top-to-bottom every page, to include above and below titles and centered      words).
  • Include an APA title page (for all essays) and reference list that includes all of the sources      used in the essay.
  • Include page numbers (upper-right corner only).
  • Adhere to APA convention and documentation style.
  • At least one source is required. All sources used must be cited.

Week 4 discussion post

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In week 4 you will prepare for your ethical and cultural inquiry paper. I have created an outline to follow that requires you to specifically reflect on the evolution of the injustice in a comprehensive way. In the Origin of Injustice section, you will be including a background and discussing several causes of your injustice. In the Money Power and Control section you need to find an organization that benefits from maintain policies that contribute to the injustice. In the cultural section you need to focus on one societal norm that prevents changes. You will also need to find a specific bill or law that impacts your population. Finally, in the ethics section you will need to include concrete evidence that the profession of nursing has an obligation to be active patient advocate in protecting your population from the injustice that goes beyond bedside care. In this discussion board I would like you to come up with an outline that includes the specific topic you will discuss for each section.  

  • Origin of Injustice
    • Background: you injustice (not medical condition or population)
    • Causes: list out the causes of your injustice will discuss (you should have more than 1)
  • Money power and control: what organization are you going to focus on and how do they maintain power? (think evil and not the good guys)
  • Legislation: what current bill will you discuss?
  • Culture: what social norm will you discuss?
  • Ethical Obligation: what is concrete evidence you will use to support the claim nurses have an obligation to help your population related to this injustice 
    • Google American nursing association and your injustice to see their position
    • Look into the code of ethics and use ones that support nurses being an advocate for your population
    • Look into curriculum or additional training relevant to preventing your injustice (not reacting to it)

Example for the bees

  • Origin of Injustice: Decline in Bee Populations
    • Background: history of the decline in bee populations (notice this is not the medical condition)
    • Cause: Nutritional stress
    • Cause: Loss of biodiversity
    • Cause: Intensive farming practices
  • Money power and control: Big Agribusiness
    • Lobbying
    • Consolidation of power
    • Revolving door
    • Industry funded research
  • Legislation: pollinator protection act
  • Culture: Standard American diet
  • Ethical Obligation: Profession of Dietetics  
    • Including dietary recommendations that consider the envirmental is recognized by
      • The AND – professionals in field
      • The CDR – curriculum for students in dietetics programs
      • Collective grassroot movement within the profession

The prerequisite for approaching this topic is your familiarity with the current situation with the protests for racial justice around the country and the world

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Requirements:

1) Length of the paper: 4-5 pages, double spaced, Times New Roman, font 12

2) Sources: 

The prerequisite for approaching this topic is your familiarity with the current situation with the protests for racial justice around the country and the world

Use at least 5 substantial sources on the problem of race and social justice, such as the readings from your textbook or the ones posted on the course website. You can use other sources as well, but if you are not sure about the appropriateness of the source,  consult with your instructor. All articles that you relied on should be cited at the end of your paper.

Pasting from sources without quoting them counts as plagiarizing and will automatically merit zero points.

3) Your paper should address the following 5 major themes. Though you do not need to address all the questions listed below, use them as a guideline for your reflections. Optimally, dedicate one page to each theme.

3.1. Racial identity

Describe your personal experience as a person belonging to a certain race. How important is racial identity for your sense of self and your cultural identity? Can you imagine yourself having a different racial identity? Do you have close friends of a different race? How often are you  in communication with members of races different from yours? Have you ever been in a context where you were a sole representative of your race and how did it make you feel? If you noticed people socializing and segregating based on the racial criteria, how does it make you feel and why do you think they do this? Do you think it is possible to be race or color blind, i.e. to not pay attention at all to someone’s racial identity? 

3.2 Racial stereotypes, racial insensitivity

Do you believe you rely on racial or even racist stereotypes when thinking about members of other races, or your own race? Do you think qualifying different races by attributing positive features could be described as racist?  Were you ever on the receiving end of such stereotyping and insensitive remarks? How did it make you feel? Why do you think people resort to using racial stereotypes? Do you think the so called ‘political correctness’ succeeded in reducing our racial insensitivity or has it made people more hypocritical and possibly had other effects? Do you think we can avoid using such stereotypes and how? Can one make jokes using racial stereotypes? 

3.3. Discrimination, racist behavior

Most people agree that discriminating based on race, using hate speech, or insulting and attacking someone based on their race is wrong. Still, we witness a lot of examples of racist behavior, racial profiling and discrimination based on race. Currently, our nation has been awoken by the death of George Floyd and is seeing protests against racism in the police force and racial injustice in general. Describe or refer to one example of discrimination or racism that has impacted you personally the most. Why do you think people discriminate against other races and become racists? How do you think their attitude could be changed? How can we raise the level of empathy with the minorities that have been harmed and discriminated against for so long? (I recommend reading George Yancy: Dear White America, the letter to white Americans that still provoked a lot of backlash.)

3.4 Institutional/systemic racism

Read the article by Peggy McIntosh: White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack

Which of the privileges listed resonate with you, confirm your experience, or, in case you are white, are the ones you have never thought about before? To what extent were you aware of the institutional racism before the current protests started? How do you think becoming aware of such privileges can change one’s treatment of the discriminated minorities? Do you think current protests are succeeding in changing people’s minds?  To what degree are racial inequalities intertwined with other inequalities, such as gender or class inequalities? Why do you think there hasn’t historically been much solidarity between the white poor and the poor minorities? How do you think we can restructure our society to avoid social inequalities and injustices?  Should the question about race be removed from the census questionnaire, job applications, college applications, etc. or should we stick to racial categories for historical and cultural reasons or reasons of social policy? 

3.5. Rethinking history
  To what degree is the history of the US officially taught in schools racially biased and in which way do you think we need to rethink it? Give me one concrete example of the change that you think would be needed. What do you think is the right policy regarding the monuments and symbols that celebrate racist historical figures and institutions? Is there any way we can atone for or reduce the harms done in the past? Do you think renewed calls for reparations are justified? How do you think the United States should think of itself moving into the future? 

FOR BILL TUTOR ONLY

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Literature Review

Prior  to beginning work on this assignment, read the Ryder, Ban, &  Chentsova-Dutton (2011) “Towards a Cultural-Clinical Psychology,”  American Psychological Association (2014) “Guidelines for Prevention in  Psychology,” Hage, et al. (2007) “Walking the Talk: Implementing the  Prevention Guidelines and Transforming the Profession of Psychology,”  and Rivera-Mosquera, et al. (2007) “Prevention Activities in  Professional Psychology: A Reaction to the Prevention Guidelines”  articles.

Clinical  and counseling psychology is a dynamic field that is constantly  evolving and striving toward better treatment options and modalities. In  this literature review, you will explore and integrate psychological  research into a literature review, addressing current trends in three  major areas of clinical and counseling psychology: assessment, clinical  work, and prevention.

In your review, include the following headings, and address the required content.

Assessment
Support  this section with information from the Ryder et al. (2011) article  “Towards a Cultural-Clinical Psychology” and at least one additional  peer-reviewed article from the Ashford University Library.

  • Compare the assessments currently in use by clinical and counseling psychologists.
  • Explain the trend towards cultural-clinical psychology and the suitability of clinical assessments with diverse clients.

Clinical work
Support  this section using a minimum of three peer-reviewed articles from the  Ashford University Library. The recommended articles for this week may  be useful in generating your response.

  • Compare and contrast technical eclecticism, assimilative integration and theoretical integration.
  • Provide a historical context and identify the major theorists for each perspective.
  • Assess the trends in psychotherapy integration.
  • List three pros and cons for each perspective, sharing which perspective most closely aligns with your own.
  • Analyze  the major trends in psychology and explain the connection between  evidenced-based practices and psychotherapy integration.

Prevention
Review  the “Guidelines for Prevention in Psychology” (American Psychological  Association, 2014), and support this section with information from the  Hage, et al. (2007) “Walking the Talk: Implementing the Prevention  Guidelines and Transforming the Profession of Psychology,” and  Rivera-Mosquera, et al. (2007) “Prevention Activities in Professional  Psychology: A Reaction to the Prevention Guidelines” articles.

  • Describe  general prevention strategies implemented by clinical and counseling  psychologists at the micro, meso, exo, and macro levels.

The Literature Review

 7 pages  

 //    No parameters.  No return value.

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Disc 6 NLS

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Read and watch the lecture resources & materials below early in the week to help you respond to the discussion questions and to complete your assignment(s).

Read

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Online Materials & Resources

  • Visit the CINAHL Complete under the A-to-Z Databases on the University Library’s website and locate/read the articles below:
    • Barden, A., Griffin, M., Quinn, T., Donahue, M., & Fitzpatrick J. (2011). Shared governance and empowerment in registered nurses working in a hospital setting. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 35(3), 212-2018.
    • Yeatts, D. E., Shen, Y., Yeatts, P. E., Solkoglu, O., & Seckin, G. (2016). Shared decision making in nursing homes: Factors associated with the empowerment of direct care workers. Journal of Aging and Health, 28(4), 6216-43.
    • Hart, C. (2015). The elephant in the room: Nursing and nursing power on an interprofessional team. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 46(8), 349-355. 

Where and how are decisions made in your organization? How can you be invited to the table to be an active participant in decision making that influences your practice?

Submission Instructions:

  • Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.