ANOVA

 

An ANOVA is when we want to run a means test on more than 2 groups. However, the same basic structure of the hypothesis testing that we have done remains.

Using the hockey data, test if there is a difference between the true average number of goals scored by the different divisions. Second, test if there is a difference between the actual mean number of goals allowed by teams of different quality (where teams with at least 100 points is the top tier, those with 90-99 are the middle tier, and those with less than 90 make up the bottom tier).

If either of these tests show significance, run a multiple comparisons test among the groups. (Note that this is essentially the two sample testing we just did but with an adjustment to ensure that we don’t have inflated error probabilities.) Use a 0.05 significance level for all tests.

As you do this for your own data set, ensure that at least one of the two problems shows significance and requires pairwise comparisons. Unless impossible to avoid, do not use more than 4 groups — there’s nothing that says you can’t, but it’ll make your report much more tedious. Also note that if you only have 2 groups, that’s a two sample independent mean test and not an ANOVA; we did that last assignment, so ensure that you have at least 3 groups in your analysis.

week 5 discussion 1

 

Week 5 – Discussion Forum 1

No unread replies.No replies.

Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your classmates. Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and the depth of your responses. Refer to the Discussion Forum Grading Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on how your discussion will be evaluated.

 Cost of Capital [WLOs: 1, 2] [CLOs: 2, 3, 4]

In the constant growth formula, you can use the required rate of return on equity to determine the value of a share of stock. However, when you are computing the value of an investment project, you cannot assume the project is entirely funded by equity. Most businesses, and most projects, are funded with a combination of debt and equity financing. As a result, the discount rate for the project has to reflect the required rates of return for the debt holders and the equity holders. Analysts compute the weighted average cost of capital (the WACC) to value projects. The WACC is a weighted average of the required returns for the debt and equity holders, based on the proportions of debt and equity in the capital structure. In this discussion, you will practice calculating the WACC and interpreting its meaning and application.

Prepare:

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum,

Imagine that you own a company, Optimus, Inc., which is funded with 40% debt and 60% common stock; there is no preferred stock in the capital structure. The debt has an after-tax cost of 4%. You have studied the Electrobicycle project, and you believe that the auto company who has done the research and development (R&D) has made a crucial mistake. You believe that after the first 5 years, there will be worldwide expansion opportunities and many more years of revenues and earnings from selling Electrobicycles. Thus, you would not shut down the project in Year 5. Instead, you believe you will be able to sell the Electrobicycle business in Year 5 to a multinational company that will continue to produce the products and sell them internationally for many years into the future. You believe the sale of the Electrobicycle business in Year 5 will be for at least $15.0 million. Thus, you believe the value of the Electrobicycle project is significantly higher than the auto company realizes.

For the initial post,

  • Calculate Optimus’ required rate of return on equity using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). For the CAPM, use the following assumptions:
    • Use a risk-free rate of 4.0%.
    • Use 6.0% as the market risk premium.
    • For the beta, use the beta below, according to the first letter of your first name

First Letter of First NameBetaA through B0.30C through D0.40E through F0.50G through H0.60I through J0.70K through L0.80M through N0.90O through P1.00Q through R1.10S through T1.20U through V1.30W through Z1.40

  • Calculate the WACC for Optimus. As a reminder, Optimus is funded with 40% debt and 60% common stock; there is no preferred stock in the capital structure. The debt has an after-tax cost of 4%.
    • Use the Optimus required rate of return on equity that you calculated using the CAPM.
  • Explain why it is appropriate for Optimus to value the Electrobicycle project using its WACC. Compare using the WACC to using solely the cost of equity in valuing the Electrobicycle project.

Guided Response: Review several of your colleagues’ posts, and reply to at least two of your peers by 11:59 p.m. on Day 7 of the week. You must respond to two classmates who have completed different calculations than you. In your written responses to your classmates, do the following:

  • Confirm the calculations, or explain a correction to the calculation in the initial post.
  • Compare how your calculated WACC is different than your classmate’s calculated WACC.
  • Explain how the different WACCs would impact the net present value of the Electrobicycle project.

Case study- pointsec

Read the below case case study “Pointsec Mobile Technology”

“Pointsec Mobile Technologies

When salespeople, construction supervisors, managers, and other employees are away from the workplace, many of them carry mobile devices such as laptop computers and PDAs, often containing valuable, private data related to their jobs. Pointsec (http://www.checkpoint. com/pointsec) provides security systems to protect such data. To bring home the vulnerability of mobile devices, Pointsec decided to share information about the number of such devices left behind in taxis.8 The research involved conducting a survey of taxi drivers. Staff members at Pointsec’s public relations firm called major taxi companies in nine cities in Australia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Great Britain, and the United States. Each of the cooperating companies put these interviewers in touch with about one hundred drivers. Drivers were asked how many devices of each type—cell phones, PDAs, computers, and so on—had been left in their cab over the preceding six months. From these numbers, they came up with the rate of items left behind. Multiplying by the size of taxi fleets in each city, the researchers came up with city-by-city numbers: 3.42 cell phones per cab yielded 85,619 cell phones left behind in Chicago, for example. In London, the researchers concluded 63,135 cell phones were left in cabs, a startling increase of 71 percent compared to four years earlier.”

and write a paper that provides:

1) An introduction to the case 

2)Explanations of the: 

Flaws in research design in this study, and 

Flaws in interpretation of the outcome of the research 

3)The natural objective of this research, formulation of the research question(s), correct design of the research, and the correct methodology to deduce valid results from the acquired data 

course project- 6 page double spaced

Four-Page (minimum) Self-Analysis – You took a number of instruments that should have given you insight into your leadership and management skills and traits.  List each instrument and give a brief paragraph explaining at least one attribute/characteristic you learned about yourself from that instrument.  I would prefer you use a Table for this, but it’s not required. After you complete your review of each instrument, included an overall discussion of your strengths and challenges.  Also, in your discussion, consider when your strengths could inadvertently be a weakness.  For example, you may find out that you are assertive in your behavior style.  However, is it always appropriate to be assertive?  You would explain when it would be a weakness or distraction. 

Two-Page (minimum) Action Plan – This portion is very important to accomplishing your course objectives.  You should consider the following for inclusion in your Action Plan. Please note that some are required in your plan.

  • Description of the behavior/attribute/characteristic/activity you want to change (start or stop).  (required)
  • Focused knowledge, skills and/or abilities needed.
  • Training goals.
  • Daily activities that need changing. (required)
  • Longer term changes needed. (required)
  • Detailed and specific action steps you plan to take.  You MUST be specific here.  List the steps you will take to improve the areas you selected.  Do NOT be general in your steps. (required)
  • Resources you may need
  • Barriers you may encounter. (required)
  • Time-line for implementation. (required)

History Project

 Looking through reputable newspapers published between 2015-2019, find a news story that specifically ties to an event that occurred in American history that was also covered during our class (1500s-1877). Then, you must complete a one-page writeup discussing the relationship between the historical event covered in our class and the current event discussed in the newspaper article. 

The paper should be structured into 3 paragraphs that address the following: 

1st Paragraph: Summarize the newspaper article and the current event that is discussed therein. When was it published? Who was the author? What was the topic? Why is it relevant in modern society? Did the author tie the current event to the historical event? 

 2 nd Paragraph: Summarize the event to which the newspaper article ties in American history. Be sure to give specifics (Context, Detailed Identification & Significance) of the historical event. When did the event occur? Where? Who was involved? Why did the event occur? What was happening around the time the event occurred? Why was it important in U.S. History?  

3rd Paragraph: Discuss how the current event ties to the historical event. Be sure that this connection is direct and not obtuse. How does the historical event impact modern society, generally? How did the historical event influence the current event discussed in the newspaper article? Were there other, intervening events that occurred to impact the current situation discussed in the article?   

There are a few things to be aware of here. First, you must include an active link to the newspaper article you are examining at the top of the page. Any papers submitted without links or with inactive links will not be accepted for credit. When I say “reputable newspaper” I am referring to a print newspaper that has been in operation for many decades, not online news sites. Some examples of reputable newspapers are The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Houston Chronicle, The Detroit Free Press, The Chicago Tribune, The Philadelphia Inquirer, etc.   While I fully expect you to find the newspaper article in an online repository, solely online sources of news will not be accepted. Some examples of news sources that will not work are:  The HuffPost, The Onion, The Daily Beast, Business Insider, MarketWatch, National Review, etc. As you are required to find a newspaper article that ties directly to a historical event, I want to clarify what I mean by this. An example of a weak, indirect or poor connection would be as follows: The newspaper article talks about modern-day racism, and we looked at slavery in the 19th century in class. Because slavery was motivated by racism, this connects to the story about modern-day racism.  An example of a strong connection would be: The newspaper article talks about the current role that Electoral College plays in modern U.S. politics. We discussed the purposes and design of the Electoral College during the Constitutional Convention in class. The newspaper article discussed how the use of the electoral college undermines the popular majority and is no longer relevant to U.S. politics.  The extra credit writeup must be submitted in the dedicated drop box on Blackboard by Sunday, 5/2/2021, 11:59pm. It should be formatted as follows:

  • 12 point font, Times New Roman
  • Single-Spaced, 1” Margins on all sides
  • No quotes, block or otherwise, may be used in this assignment
  • The paper must be written in prose-form. Bullet points or lists will not be accepted. No sub-headings are allowed in this extra credit assignment.

As this is an extra credit assignment, no late submissions will be accepted. Any submissions not conforming exactly with the standards laid out here will not receive credit. Successful submissions will result in a 8% increase on a student’s final grade. 

sociological imagination film review

Directions:

Pick a fictional movie or television show (not a documentary) to analyze with a sociological imagination. It may be an animated film, a drama, or based on a true story/biography, or approximately 1.5 – 2 hours of television shows (the same show in a series). 

Write a 3-4 page paper analyzing that movie with a sociological lens. You’ll briefly summarize the movie, and then, you’ll address the content of the film in light of the sociological discussion we’re having in class and in your readings. Pick one broad theme (e.g., race, gender, a specific theory) to apply to the film.  Clearly define that theme—citing Conley and discuss that definition.  For example, if you’re discussing racism, discuss various sociological aspects of racism; you may also have sub-themes of racism (ethnocentrism, power, etc.).  This focused analysis will give you room to think deeply and analytically about a particular topic. Some questions you might consider in writing your analysis (note: these are only suggestions for prompting your thinking; please do not try to answer ALL of these in your short essay—choose just a few, or maybe only one:  

  • What cultural themes appear in the film? Define and discuss these themes, using Conley to support your analysis. Be sure to cite Conley when paraphrasing or using his words.
  • Do the characters in the film engage in relationships of inequality? Do they practice racism? Homophobia? Sexism? Ageism? Provide support from the Conley to text to define these terms and show how the examples you chose illustrate these concepts.
  • How might a particular social theory inform your analysis of this film? Identify the social theory, and cite Conley’s text, then show how the film illustrates this theory, using evidence from the film and Conley.
  • What institutions are at work in this film and how are people in the film conforming to the norms of these institutions? Define institutions, and use support from Conley to show that the examples you chose illustrate these concepts.

Your paper must be typed, double-spaced, have page numbers and a Reference Page (citing the film, the Conley book, and any other articles from the course that you cited in your essay). The Reference Page is not included in the page number requirement.  

SOCW 6311 wk 4 Discussion: Selection of a Statistical Analysis Approach

  

SOCW 6311 wk 4 Discussion: Selection of a Statistical Analysis Approach

300 to 500 words questions in bold then answers 

Though data analysis occurs after the study has completed a data collection stage, the researcher needs to have in mind what type of analysis will allow the researcher to obtain an answer to a research question. The researcher must understand the purpose of each method of analysis, the characteristics that must be present in the study for the design to be appropriate and any weaknesses of the design that might limit the usefulness of the study results. Only then can the researcher select the appropriate design. Choosing the appropriate design enables the researcher to claim the data that is potential evidence that provides information about the relationship being studied. Notice that it is not the statistical test which tells us that research is valid, rather, it is the research design. Social workers must be aware of and adjust any limitations of their chosen design that may impact the validity of the study.

To prepare for this Discussion, review the handout, A Short Course in Statistics and pages 210–220 in your course text Social Work Evaluation: Enhancing What We Do. If necessary, locate and review online resources concerning internal validity and threats to internal validity. Then, review the “Social Work Research: Chi Square” case study located in this week’s resources. Consider the confounding variables, that is, factors that might explain the difference between those in the program and those waiting to enter the program.

Post an interpretation of the case study’s conclusion that “the vocational rehabilitation intervention program may be effective at promoting full-time employment.” 

Describe the factors limiting the internal validity of this study, and explain why those factors limit the ability to draw conclusions regarding cause and effect relationships.

Resources

Dudley, J. R. (2014). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do. (2nd ed.) Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.

Chapter 9, “Is the Intervention Effective?” (pp. 226–236: Read from “Determining a Causal Relationship” to “Outcome Evaluations for Practice”)

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

Read the following section: is uploaded 

“Social Work Research: Chi Square” (pp. 63–65)

Trochim, W.M.K. (2006). Internal validity. Retrieved from https://conjointly.com/kb/construct-validity/ 

Make sure to click on all the links in the narrative

Peer Response 2

 Your responses to your classmates must be substantive. Share ideas, explore differences, and think critically about your classmates’ posts. Bring in information from your textbook, classroom resources or other credible sources that you find to contribute to the discussion. You are invited to share relevant audio, video, or images in your responses. You must cite and reference any sources you use, even in your responses to your classmates. It must be at least 100 words.

PEER RESPONSE:

 Academic integrity is defined as the moral code or ethical policy of academia; acting with the values of honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility in learning, teaching, and research. The two key elements of academic integrity are academic voice and careful attribution. It is important to use your own voice, whether written or spoken when presenting arguments, ideas, facts, and conclusions that are supported by research. “Academic honesty means that if you are writing the words of someone else, or if you are discussing a unique idea you learned from research, you must cite your source.” (von Winckelmann, 2015). Careful attribution is important because it gives stories credibility and perspective. It tells others how we know what we know.

My two key elements of academic dishonesty are falsifying data and plagiarism. Falsifying data, or data falsification, is intentionally manipulating or misrepresenting research or scholarly materials, equipment, or processes by changing or omitting data or results. Plagiarism is taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as your own. Students, or professionals, have a responsibility to behave ethically, to understand, and adhere to “Specific Policies on Academic Integrity.” (Students Rights and Responsibilities, 2018). “Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing an idea that influenced your work, you must credit the source.” (American Psychological Association, 2010).

The school takes plagiarism seriously and imposes harsh penalties on offenders, up to failure and expulsion from the university. Look at it like this, if you choose to cheat, you miss out on a valuable learning experience. It is always better to actually learn new material than to rely on using the work of others to get by in life. Education is priceless, and no one can take away what you learned. That is your power. Further, it is my responsibility to do my own research and assignments and to utilize helpful tools such as the CRAAP test to ensure that the information I am using is credible, and to always properly cite information that I choose to use in my papers.

A strategy for how I, as a scholar, could avoid making the same ethical mistake is to demonstrate an integral character by doing my own classwork in a timely manner and adhering to the rules. I apply this basic principle to my personal and professional life as well.

References:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/pubs/books/4200066

Students’ Rights and Responsibilities. (2018). UAGC. Retrieved from https://www.ashford.edu/student-rights-and-responsibilities.htm#academic-dishonesty

University of Arizona Global Campus (n.d.), Student Rights and Responsibilities. Retrieved from: https://www.uagc.edu/catalog/student-rights-and-responsibilities#academic-integrityLinks to an external site.

von Winckelmann, S. (2015). Information literacy in the digital age [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Unit2-discussion reply 1

 

 Explain the pathophysiology behind the signs and symptoms of COPD

Bronchitis and emphysema are both classified as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These chronic illnesses obstruct airflow (McCance & Huether, 2019). Because of the elevated mucus in the airway, COPD allows it to close. As a consequence of cilia dysfunction, mucus causes narrowing, which causes shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty clearing secretions. The obstruction is caused by a narrowed airway, which makes it impossible for oxygen to reach the lungs and prevents CO2 from exiting the lungs, resulting in hypercapnia (Santus et al., 2020). Ventilation-perfusion imbalance is caused by hypercapnia and hypoxia.

Individuals with COPD develop symptoms such as barrel chest and clubbing of the fingers over time as a result of trapped CO2 (also known as air trapping). Distention of the alveoli occurs as a result of air trapping, which may lead to failure. Excessive work of breathing and puffing causes weight loss in some people, especially those with emphysema. Understanding and recognizing the signs and symptoms of COPD are critical for establishing care and management strategies.

What relationship do you see with Mr. Brown’s vital signs – 26 RR, 91% oxygen saturation, temp: 37.8, HR: 93 BP: 150/70

As a result of hypoxia and hypocapnia, Mr. Brown’s respiratory rate has increased. As a result of the faulty gas exchange, the patient is out of breath and has to work hard to breathe in order to expel CO2. Bad oxygenation is caused by mucus blockage and bronchial narrowing, resulting in a decrease in SPO2. Inflammation and infection are the causes of fever. Mr. Brown’s heart rate has risen as a result of a compensatory process in response to the reduced oxygen and increased CO2 levels. As a result of the ventilation-perfusion imbalance, blood pressure rises.

Describe the goals of care for Mr. Brown. Make sure to use the COPD gold standards of carehttps://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/WMS-GOLD-2018-Feb-Final-to-print-v2.pdf (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)) for your plan.

The plan of care’s main aim is to prevent COPD exacerbations, keep symptoms under control, and avoid/prevent going to the emergency room. It is possible to use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Bronchodilators may be used as preventative medicine or to relieve an exacerbation for a brief period of time. Inflammation may be treated with corticosteroids. Pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes are examples of nonpharmacological treatments. It is important to have education on how to avoid irritants and adhere to treatment plans. Also, recommendations on the use of peak flow meters to assess the degree of obstruction, participating in smoking cessation, avoid cold weather, and restoring optimum ventilation and oxygen exchange should be the top priorities for the target of treatment.

How would you follow up on your proposed plan of care?’

Mr. Brown should return for a follow-up appointment in 1 to 2 weeks to see if his symptoms have changed, and to re-evaluate the lungs, and a chest x-ray may be taken. Mr. Brown may benefit from instruction on how to use the reward spirometer and pursed-lip breathing to alleviate shortness of breath and keep the airway clear. To avoid COPD exacerbations, I will also educate the patient about how to reduce their exposure to chemical irritants and air pollution.

Health care delivery models and Nursing practice 1000 words by 04/2421 at 10 am

Examine changes introduced to reform or restructure the U.S. health care delivery system. In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, discuss action taken for reform and restructuring and the role of the nurse within this changing environment.

Include the following:

  1. Outline a current or emerging health care law or federal regulation introduced to reform or restructure some aspect of the health care delivery system. Describe the effect of this on nursing practice and the nurse’s role and responsibility.
  2. Discuss how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes. Explain how these affect nursing practice and describe the expectations and responsibilities of the nursing role in these situations.
  3. Discuss professional nursing leadership and management roles that have arisen and how they are important in responding to emerging trends and in the promotion of patient safety and quality care in diverse health care settings.
  4. Research emerging trends. Predict two ways in which the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next five years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care.

You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.  

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.