Your responses to your classmates must be substantive. Share ideas, explore differences, and think critically about your classmates’ posts. Bring in information from your textbook, classroom resources or other credible sources that you find to contribute to the discussion. You are invited to share relevant audio, video, or images in your responses. You must cite and reference any sources you use, even in your responses to your classmates. It must be at least 100 words.

PEER RESPONSE:

 In order to maintain academic integrity and avoid academic dishonesty, the University of Arizona Global Campus has a catalog with student rights and responsibilities that all must follow. This catalog is broken down into many sections, with some of the most important within the academic integrity violations section. The two areas that I focused on were plagiarism, and fabrication.

            The University of Arizona Global Campus catalog defines plagiarism as “representing the words or ideas of another as one’s own in any academic exercise” (UACG, 2015). Plagiarism happens when someone uses the ideas or language of another person or source that is not their own, without giving credit to the original source. This essentially means that anything that is not original thought or common knowledge, needs to be cited and acknowledge the original source. This is something that I have heard about many times in my academic career, perhaps even as young as grade school, but did not fully understand at first. Now that I am at the college level I understand how important it is not to use plagiarism, not just to avoid punishment, but to give proper credit where it is due, and to make sure that I can be confident in the information that I am sharing with others. This is especially important in my job as a teacher. I read many articles and journals about education and often share information with parents. It is helpful to reinforce the things that I am telling them with information such as websites and other credible sources.

            A sub-category of plagiarism is fabrication, which the UACG catalog defines as “unauthorized falsification or invention of any information or citation in an academic exercise” (UACG, 2015). This to me is an even larger issue than plagiarism as this is blatantly making up information and sharing that with others. This misinformation could be very costly, depending on the subject matter. The article that I found this week told of how Dannon Activia yogurt fabricated medical claims that their yogurt contained “special bacterial ingredients” that helped with digestion. In fact, the company claimed that their yogurt was “clinically” and “scientifically” proven to help regulate digestion. This of course was not the case, and the company ended up facing a lawsuit in 2010, paying out 45 million dollars, and having to remove the words “clinically” and “scientifically proven” from their labels. This was direct fabrication of information.

            As a scholar and educator, myself I will strive to continue to use information ethically and maintain academic honesty. One way to do this is to make sure that I am using credible sources in order to gather information. That will ensure that there is no fabrication in my work. I will also make sure to properly cite all of my writing that is not original thought in order to avoid plagiarism.

Student rights and Responsibilities: UACG: University of Arizona Global Campus. (2015). Retrieved June 07, 2021, from https://www.uagc.edu/catalog/student-rights-and-responsibilities#academic-integrity-violations

Heilpern, W. (2016, March 31). 18 false advertising scandals that cost some BRANDS millions. Retrieved June 07, 2021, from https://www.businessinsider.com/false-advertising-scandals-2016-3#activia-yogurt-said-it-had-special-bacterial-ingredients-2

Requesting 200 words response to the following post using at least three substantive peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles (different than in the below post) to provide those substantive replies.   You may utilize the main article as a reference 

Just-In-Time Systems and Why I Am Interested 

Just-In-Time (JIT) systems have had a dramatic effect on material and operational readiness in the Navy during my multi-decade career. By the end of the 1990s, the Navy’s budget continued to decrease due the end of the Cold War and a shift in domestic budget priorities. The result of decreasing budgetary dollars was a policy shift from maintaining robust stores of spare parts to leveraging JIT manufacturing and procurement systems to maintain fleet readiness. The Navy hoped that new systems consisting predominantly of commercial of the shelf technology (COTS) would mitigate the need for robust stores for specialized systems designed specifically for U.S. Naval operational use in the past.  

I am interested in conducting further research on aspects of the JIT philosophy due to academic curiosity and to understand the process and implementation side of its use in global supply chains. The adoption of COTS and the use of JIT systems to manage material and operational readiness in the fleet has had mixed results. As naval systems become increasingly complex, the original cost savings of this shift in fleet readiness policy has been lost. Additionally, to a considerable extent, military procurement demands the use of specialized systems produced by a limited number of business entities that focus on defense. Overall, I think our organization’s use of JIT systems for parts procurement has been mismanaged. They offer an immense potential for cost savings, better inventory control, and flexibility if implemented and managed properly.  

Explanation of Just-In-Time Systems

The JIT philosophy and associated systems were developed after World War II by the Japanese automobile industry. The Japanese automobile industry was well behind the United States in worker productivity and efficiency. This situation spurred the development of what was initially known as the Toyota Production System and has evolved to become known by several names with varying jargon and slightly different internal processes (Satterlee, 2018). Overall, with the rapid growth of technology JIT principles have come to define most facets of the global supply chain.

The JIT philosophy focuses on only having the inventory on hand necessary for production and eventual distribution through supply chains. The overarching goals of JIT are to eliminate waste and reduce physical inventories. As I discussed previously, the advent of the internet, automation, and the rapid growth of technology has allowed business entities to better control and coordinate this complex process (Satterlee, 2018). 

As I talked about when explaining my interest in learning more about JIT systems, my organization tries to manage the two major concerns with relying on JIT systems as part of our supply chain management (SCM). First, my organization is dependent on a high volume of back up products and this reliance can cause issues with receiving parts in a timely manner. Finally, my organization also deals quite a bit with emergency and reactive demand due to the nature of our work, a Byzantine and outdated reporting process, a lack of adequate funding for emergency-use parts, and institutional politics (Satterlee, 2018). Overall, JIT systems can provide a host of benefits from waste elimination to better quality and inventory control. The key is to have organizational buy in and to professionally train and resource your personnel and your internal procurement processes. 

  

Major Article Summary

Furlan et al. (2011) conducted research on the complementary effects of lean manufacturing bundles. Their work had two objectives in its analytical approach. First, their work used statistical analysis of the high-performance round III database and a survey involving 266 manufacturing plants in nine countries to test and validate the complimentary effects on operational performance of two of the main lean manufacturing bundles. These manufacturing bundles are JIT and Total Quality Management (TQM). Finally, the authors’ work looked at the human resource management (HRM) to determine if it enhanced the complementary effects between JIT and TQM (Furlan et al., 2011). Overall, Furlan et al. (2011) contend that scholarly literature is lacking on the measures of the complementary effects of lean bundles on operational performance. Understanding these complementarity effects between lean bundles should be more important within scholarly circles because each of these bundles acts as one node within a well-organized and integrated system designed to improve the aggregate effects of performance. 

Furlan et al. (2011) determine through their analysis that there is a complementarity effect between JIT and TQM. Additionally, they find that HRM plays an enabling role in enhancing complementarity between JIT and TQM. Overall, their work shows that even though there are complimentary effects between the use of JIT and TQM principles and system, it is marginal in terms of operational performance increases. This outcome is because the marginal operational performance increase was only realized by the plants that also used HRM practices (Furlan et al., 2011). HRM practices facilitate enhanced complimentary effects between JIT and TQM and lead directly to higher, albeit marginal, operational performance increases.  

Businesses and managers should take three practical recommendations from the authors’ research. First, if a business has invested in lean enterprises for manufacturing without focusing on a lean approach to HRM, no positive benefits will be realized for operational performance. Second, if a business has only invested in one of the two lean manufacturing bundles, it should start investing resources in the other manufacturing lean bundle. Finally, if a business has not implemented lean processes in any aspect of its organization structure, it should take a comprehensive approach to maximize the complimentary and aggregate effects of the lean nodes when used together (Furlan et al., 2011). 

Discussion

The work by Furlan et al. (2011) and Satterlee (2018) highlights several important considerations when implementing a JIT organizational approach and adopting JIT systems as part of your SCM. First, taking an organizational approach must be comprehensive. As Furlan and his co-authors determined, operational increases were realized by plants that focused on JIT, TQM, and HRM lean tenets concurrently and looked to synergize the aggregate benefits of the individual nodes. Second, successful organizational buy in by employees needs to happen if JIT, TQM, or any other lean philosophies and systemic approaches are expected to be successful organization wide. Employees’ buy in will occur by providing chances for training, professional certification, and advancement as part of the transition to these philosophies and systems. Finally, business entities need to properly resource transitions to these lean philosophies and systems across the organization. Leveraging innovative technology will be at the heart of the transition to lean organizational tenets. Additionally, other resource considerations may include changes to the organizational structure, upgrades to the business infrastructure, changes in employees, and a plethora of other possibilities too numerous to list. Overall, effective use of JIT systems and lean organizational tenets requires a comprehensive, organizationally supported, and properly resourced business plan that leverages technology to be successful.

As I discussed previously, Furlan et al. (2011) conducted research on the complementary effects of lean manufacturing bundles. The authors discover through their analysis that there is a complementarity effect between JIT and TQM. Additionally, they find that HRM plays an enabling role in enhancing complementarity between JIT and TQM. Overall, their work espouses a comprehensive organizational approach to JIT, TQM, and HRM implementation. 

Gonzalez-R et al. (2012) conduct an overview of existing scholarly work on the use of tokens in just-in-time systems. Tokens are cards that authorize a production task to be performed and completed. Their work leads to the authors suggesting a new classification system of pull-inspired production control systems, allowing for up to 18 different systems to be differentiated. Overall, their objective for completing a comprehensive survey of existing scholarly work is to find similarities and differences between scholars and researchers to create and codify a classification system that is universally recognized within the academic community. 

Aradhe and Kallurkar (2014) focus on how JIT has become a favored operational strategy in the service industry because of the benefits realized in the manufacturing and production sectors of the global economy. Specifically, their research makes use of a case study looking at the potential issues regarding JIT implementation in the service industry in a popular pilgrimage destination in India. The results of their case study show that the implementation of JIT principles and systems within several sectors of the service industry reduced the waiting times for pilgrims. Overall, their research shows that JIT as an operational approach is successful beyond the manufacturing and production sectors of the global economy. 

Danese et al. (2012) study JIT supply practices and how they interact with JIT production practices by positively moderating the relationship between JIT production and the efficiency and performance of delivery. They test six hypotheses through a hierarchical regression analysis using data from a sample of 207 manufacturing plants. Overall, the authors determine that JIT production practices positively affect both efficiency and delivery. 

Satoglu and Sahin (2013) develop a mathematical model and a heuristic approach to show how the routes are constructed and the service period is determined for a more efficient design of an internal milk-run material supply system. The current material supply by this system occurs on a just-in-time basis from a central warehouse to several stations of an assembly line. Their objective for the proposed mathematical model is the minimization of the total material handling and inventory holding costs associated with operation. Overall, they determine that their proposed mathematical model and heuristic approach will create better efficiencies and reduce waste.  

The research I chose to focus on demonstrates that the existing scholarly literature on JIT philosophies and systems is broad and diverse. Research on JIT philosophies and systemic approaches can be found in computer science, mathematics, economics, management, and a host of other academic and business fields. As the work by Gonzalez-R et al. (2012) demonstrates, there is no agreed upon classification system for JIT systems across academia or in the business world that goes beyond believing in reducing waste and inventory. Overall, that is ok if the focus is waste elimination and inventory reduction and JIT philosophical and systemic approaches are comprehensive, organizationally supported, and properly resourced when implemented. 

  

References

Aradhe, A., & Kallurkar, S. (2014). A case study of just-in-time system in service industry. Procedia Engineering, 97, 2232-2237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.467

http://liberty.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?bookMark=eNp9j81qwzAQhEVJoWmaN-hBL2BXP3ZkXQohtE1KoIekZ-Gs1kWmkYPkBPz2lUkPPXUvuww7w3z3ZOI7j4Q8cpZzxhdPbX4KHfqvXDBe5FzkxULdkCmvlMoUK6vJn_uOzGNs2TiKiZJPiVrSVR2R7vqzHWjX0Pdz7LONz_bumNQh9nikztMdhosDpBtv00MYHshtU39HnP_uGfl8fdmv1tn2422zWm4zLpXQWckaK6BE0JLVsuLyANBAVYCoUneQWooGVeonF6yuy4NUGnRhtcYSq4NlckaKay6ELsaAjTkFd6zDYDgzI79pzZXfjPyGC5P4k-35asPU7eIwmAgOPaB1AaE3tnP_B_wA5bVllw

Danese, P., Romano, P., & Bortolotti, T. (2012). JIT production, JIT supply and performance: Investigating the moderating effects. Industrial Management + Data Systems, 112(3), 441-465. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635571211210068

http://liberty.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?bookMark=eNqNkctOxCAUhonRxHH0Adw1rqfKZbjUnTFexpjoQtcNA4eKmdIKrYlvL5O60OjCQCDn8P1w-M8B2g1dAISOCT4lBKszTAXjXBJK8sRYqB00I5KrkkvFdtFse15mQO6jg5ReMc4JKmbo8W71VPSxs6MZfBcWxTZOY99vPgodbNFDdF1sdTBwXvjwDmnwjR58aIrhBYq2sxCnEJwDM6RDtOf0JsHR1z5Hz9dXT5e35f3Dzery4r40jEpeCkosIVobSSsqsALHHJd2aSpGgeW_0LWq9JKB4JgQYIrwilqhQYBZU43ZHJ1M9-bi38ZcVv3ajTHkJ-uKZh-4FCxDpxPU6A3UPrhuiNrkYaH1JjvofM5fUCWlIHipsmDxTbAekw-Q8pJ88zKkRo8p_cTJhJvYpRTB1X30rY4fNcH1ti_1r75kDZ400GbrNvZfksXfkl9o3VvHPgFOqZsF

Furlan, A., Vinelli, A., & Dal Pont, G. (2011). Complementarity and lean manufacturing bundles: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 31(8), 835-850. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571111153067

http://liberty.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?bookMark=eNqNkUtLAzEQgINUsD5-gLfFc7dOks2j3krxBQUvel7SPGrKbnZNdg_996bUg6IHE0iYzPeFYeYcTUIXLELXGOYYg7wFXFWUCXxYjAIXJ2iKBZMlZws6QdNDvsyAOEPnKe0AgFDMpuh-1bV9Y1sbBhX9sC9UMEVjVShaFUan9DBGH7bFZgymseku5wvb9j56rZocqGaffLpEp041yV593Rfo7eH-dfVUrl8en1fLdakp4byUGwZCSqdpRSkDIqUkC-6s0RsrmV5gZjGRXBvHqeVgqkoYIBoWijsHCtMLdHP8t4_dx2jTUO-6MeYiUi2FFERSCRmaH6Gtamztg-uGqHTexrZe57Y5n9-XhFdQMUFoFmbfhM2YfLApH8lv34e0VWNKP3F8xHXsUorW1X30rYr7GkN9GEb9axjZgaOTOx1VY_6lzP5WfqF1bxz9BNNFl9M

González-R, P., Framinan, J., & Pierreval, H. (2012). Token-based pull production control systems: An introductory overview. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 23(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-011-05

http://liberty.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?bookMark=eNp90M9LwzAUB_AgE9ymf4C3gkepvpcmaeNtjPkDBl7mOWRtKp1dU5N2sv_elA4voqdA-Hzfe3xnZNLYxhByjXCHAOm9R8gYjwExBp6wmJ2RKfKUxhkyPiFTkFzEnCO_IDPvdwAgM4FTstrYD9PEW-1NEbV9XUets0Wfd5Vtotw2nbN15I–M3v_EOkmqoavAVh3jOzBuENlvi7Jealrb65O75y8Pa42y-d4_fr0slys45wm4RYNaaFLnmspM8a2kAqmUSayKATPMilEXm4BKVApAuOBUCG1AFbSMksLk8zJzTg3HPnZG9-pne1dE1YqRKQoKDIICkeVO-u9M6VqXbXX7qgQ1NCWGttSoS01tKVYyNyOGR9s827cT4YOavQ0UaiC_1_T35r-oU9w2LBwXZXXZgiotiiTb-ewirQ

Satoglu, S., & Sahin, E. (2013). Design of a just-in-time periodic material supply system for the assembly lines and an application in electronics industry. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 65(1), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4171-7

http://liberty.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?bookMark=eNp9kUuLHCEURiXMQHpm8gOyE7ILOFGrfPSymTwmMJBNshbbutWxqdKK2ovOr8_t7sBAYIKID87xqt8NuUo5ASFvBb8XnJsPlXNhOONCsl4YwcwrshJ917GOC3VFVlxqyzqj7WtyU-seaS20XZHfH6HGXaJ5pJ7uD7WxmFiLM9AFSsxDDHT2Dad-ovWwLNOR1mNtMNMxF9p-AvW1wrzF_SkmqNSnATv1iMbgW8yJxkRhgtBKTjFUXA5YpxzvyPXopwpv_o635MfnT98fHtnTty9fHzZPLEhrFFv7odfbAZ8h7NYb5ZU11gftvbWjgNCDD0b169GshZKgoQMlReh9rw0Eqbpb8u5y7lLyrwPU5vb5UBKWdFJq2RnZ9wap-wu18xO4mMbcig_YBphjwM8eI-5vOomX4mulURAXIZRca4HRLSXOvhyd4O6Uibtk4jATd8rEmWenIpt2UJ4dBOWJ3JQWA1Y6G8swovP-BQf57ixq5cRZ-D8s_4H_AF64rcw

Satterlee, B. (2018). Cross Border Commerce (3rd ed.). Synergistics International Inc.

As you may have learned throughout your coursework in the program, it is veritably impossible to separate your personal self from your professional identity especially with regard to issues and thinking related to diversity. As an early childhood professional, you bring your individual perspectives, values, hopes, and dreams into any setting in which you work with young children and families. As such, situations that occur in your personal life, whether positive or negative, may influence the ways in which you participate and function in the workplace. And, as you know by now, because the work of early childhood professionals is so relationship driven, these personal-life factors most likely will impact the emotional, intellectual, and social development of the young children and families with whom you work.

This Blog will give you the opportunity to consider how experiences in your personal life may shape the interactions and relationships you have with the young children and families in your care.

In preparation for this Blog assignment:

• Recall that in previous courses in this program you have learned about child development, family systems, and the significant influences adult relationships have on children’s social, emotional, and cognitive growth and the forming of social identities.
• Next, think about what you learned about classism, racism, gender stereotyping and sexism, and other”-isms” prevalent in our society. Consider the ways in which these “–isms” influence people’s well being.
• Now, imagine that you are an early childhood professional who is experiencing one or more of the “-isms” in your personal life. i.e., people are reacting to you with stereotypes and prejudice. How might such experiences affect your own emotional, cognitive, and physical well being? How might this impact your work with young children and their families?

By Day 6

• Describe in detail the consequences you might expect for the children and families with whom you work while you experience specific “–ism(s)” in your own life. Include specific examples either those you have and/or are experiencing or ones you would anticipate.

 

Assignment 3: Presentation: “Biggest Challenges Facing Organizations in the Next 20 Years” (250 pts)

Assignment 3: Presentation: “Biggest Challenges Facing Organizations in the Next 20 Years”
Due Week 10 and worth 250 points

In this assignment, you will create a PowerPoint presentation that outlines what you believe will be the biggest challenges facing organizations in the next twenty (20) years.

Faculty Note: For students taking this course online, if there is a hardship for any student in being able to secure a microphone to complete this assignment, the student is allowed to use the notes section of PowerPoint to write a narrative of what they would say if actually presenting / narrating.

Write an eight (8) slide presentation in which you:

1. Provide a title slide (as indicated in the format requirements below) followed by a slide with an introduction to your presentation. 
2. Presentation should include your choice of the five (5) challenges you believe organizations will face in the next twenty (20)years. Only include one (1) challenge and your explanation for choosing that challenge per slide for a total of five (5)slides. 
3. Provide one (1) summary slide which addresses key points of your paper. 
4. Narrate each slide, using a microphone, indicating what you would say if you were actually presenting in front of an audience. 

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: 

• Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each slide and three to four (3-4) relevant graphics (photographs, graphs, clip art, etc.), ensuring that the presentation is visually appealing and readable from 18 feet away. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. 
• Include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Understand human behavior in organizations and the forces shaping that behavior while analyzing the individual differences within those organizations and their impact on organizational behavior. 
• Analyze the facets of organizational culture, including influences and functions, challenges related to changing the culture, and the impact of culture on organizational performance.
• Use technology to research issues affecting organizational behavior in order to deliver assignments which are clear, concise and have proper writing mechanics.
• Write clearly and concisely about operations management using proper writing mechanics.

Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.

 

4.2 Discussion: Federal Reserve Tools

 

Getting Started

The adjustment in the supply of money is one of the tools used by the Federal Reserve to influence the economy by influencing interest rates. This assignment covers the mechanics of the money supply and how it influences interest rates.  A thorough understanding of this concept will help you better understand how Federal Reserve policies may impact your business or organization.

Upon successful completion of this discussion, you will be able to:

• Evaluate the tools the Federal Reserve uses to change the money supply and interest rates.

Resources

• Text: Economics for Managers
• Media: Federal Reserve

Background Information

In order to fully understand this assignment you must understand the functions of money 1) as a medium of exchange, 2) as a unit of account, and 3) as a store of value. Pages 362–363 in the textbook provide a definition and example of each of these functions for money and the ways the Federal Reserve measures the money supply.

Instructions

1. Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
2. As you read Federal Reserve focus on the three tools that the Federal Reserve uses to change the money supply and interest rates in the economy.
3. Navigate to the threaded discussion and respond to the following:
   1. Write an explanation of the three tools that the Federal Reserve uses to change the money supply and interest rates in the economy.
      1. Your audience should be considered an intelligent but uninformed citizen of the United States.
      2. Be sure to explain why each tool works the way it does.
      3. Defend your explanation with a detailed evaluation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking.
   2. Which of these tools is the most important and why? Defend your answer with a detailed evaluation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking.
4. Your initial response should be 400 to 600 words in length and include two academic sources that are properly cited.  It is due by the end of the fourth day of the workshop.
5. Now conduct a critical analysis of a posting by two of your classmates by the end of the workshop.
   1. The topic of your discussion response should be your classmate’s posting and should be written as if you were reviewing his/her posting in an academic journal. Your discussion response should, therefore, answer the following questions as applicable:
      1. Were your classmate’s arguments articulate and logical? Were the facts correct?
      2. Was the interpretation your classmate provided reasonable and consistent with experts in the field? Was your classmate consistent with both the substance and intent of his/her references?
   2. The focus for your critical analysis is not whether or not you agree with your classmate, but how well his/her position was presented. Each response should be at least 200 words in length and cite two academic sources.  Please strive to make your discussion responses ones that cause iron to sharpen iron.

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4.3 Discussion: Saying vs. Doing

 

Getting Started

In this assignment you will look at the role of the Federal Open Market Committee in establishing monetary policy and what impact a change of monetary policy has on the economy and your organization.

Upon successful completion of this discussion, you will be able to:

• Assess the latest actions by the Federal Open Market Committee regarding monetary policy.

Resources

• Text: Economics for Managers
• Website: Federal Reserve Policy Dealing with the Pandemic  

Background Information

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has the chief responsibility for directing monetary policy. The FOMC has 12 members: the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four other Federal Reserve Bank presidents who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis. The remaining district bank presidents participate in the FOMC meetings, which are held eight times a year in Washington, DC, but do not vote on policy decisions (Farnham, 2014, p. 367).

Instructions

1. Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
2. Read the following information from the Federal Reserve pertaining to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and monetary policy implementation as “the Fed” attempts to address the weakness in the economy spawned by the Coronavirus pandemic: Federal Reserve Policy Dealing with the Pandemic   https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/2020-06-mpr-summary.htm
3. Navigate to the threaded discussion and respond to the following:
   1. Evaluate the following statement: What the FOMC says is becoming as important as what it does regarding monetary policy implementation during the pandemic. Defend your answer with a detailed evaluation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking.
   2. Given the present economic condition and trends, evaluate how effective the Fed is at promoting economic stability. Defend your answer with a detailed evaluation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking.
4. Your initial response should be 400 to 600 words in length, include two academic sources that are properly cited, and is due by the end of the fourth day of the workshop.
5. Now conduct a critical analysis of a posting by two of your classmates by the end of the workshop. The topic of your discussion response should be your classmates posting and should be written as if you were reviewing his/her posting in an academic journal. Your discussion response should, therefore, answer the following questions as applicable:
   1. Were your classmates arguments articulate and logical? Were the facts correct?
   2. Was the interpretation your classmate provided reasonable and consistent with experts in the field?  Was your classmate consistent with both the substance and intent of his/her references?
   3. The focus for your critical analysis is not whether or not you agree with your classmate, but how well his/her position was presented. Each response should be at least 200 words in length and cite two academic sources. Please strive to make your discussion responses ones that cause iron to sharpen iron.

=========================================================

 

4.4 Assignment: The Aggregate Model and Fiscal/Monetary Policy

 

Getting Started

This assignment brings together and integrates the variables and relationships needed by managers in order for them to understand the determination of income, output, interest rates, and price level in the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model of the economy.

Upon successful completion of this assignment, you will be able to:

• Analyze changes in fiscal and monetary policies.

Resources

• Textbook: Economics for Managers

Background Information

In the previous workshops the focus was spent on real goods and services by individuals, firms, and governments and the influence of money and Federal Reserve monetary policy on the economy. The assumption was made that prices were constant. In real-world economics, price level changes and inflation can be a serious policy problem. Previous workshops also focused on the demand side of the economy. This assignment will add in the supply side to develop the full model of aggregate demand and supply to address these problems. This will aid you as a manager in analyzing the entire range of macroeconomic factors that influence firms and industries.

Instructions

1. Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
2. Read Chapter 14, “The Aggregate Model of the Macro Economy,” in Economics for Managers.
3. Find two or more recent articles (post April 2020) in the Wall Street Journal or other business publications that describe changes in fiscal policy during the global pandemic.
4. Write a five- to six-page paper answering the following regarding fiscal policy changes that have been initiated to address the economic weakness brought on by the Coronavirus pandemic:
   1. Describe policies that could stimulate the economy? Defend your answer with a detailed evaluation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking.
   2. How do these policies relate to the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply? Provide a detailed evaluation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking.
   3. How likely are these policies to be effective in stimulating the economy, given the pervasive weakness brought on by the global pandemic? Provide a detailed evaluation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking.
5. You must use a minimum of five sources for your research paper, at least three of which are scholarly.
6. Use proper spelling, grammar, and APA formatting for your analysis paper.
7. When you have completed your assignment, save a copy for yourself and submit a copy to your instructor.

*You may notice a second rubric in the submission folder.  For more information, please watch this short Key Assessment notification video or select here to view the transcript.

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4.1 Assignment: Reading and Remediation

 

Getting Started

Viewing the videos and practicing using the practice Excel file with its video can prepare you for the work needed on the research report for a data set.

In order to successfully complete this exercise, you should be able to:

• Review videos about statistics fundamentals.
• Practice with the Excel file provided.

Resources

• Video: Hypothesis Testing
• Video: Hypothesis Testing with Means
• Video: T-Tests
• Video: Independent T-Tests
• Video: Excel video on Hypothesis Testing
• Textbook: OpenIntro Statistics
• File: WS4Practice
• File: WS4Homework

Background Information

Providing background and descriptive statistics is like a literature review section of a dissertation. You review and communicate the analysis of the raw data. You present visual representations of the data to give meaning to the raw data.

Instructions

1. Watch the following videos on hypothesis testing, hypothesis testing with means, t-tests, and independent t-ests:
2. Watch the Excel remediation video, Hypothesis Testing.
3. An optional supplementary textbook is the OpenIntro Statistics, and you can read the concepts there.
4. Use the lab file WS4Practice to practice the Excel skills (includes an Excel hands-on video inside the spreadsheet as a link).
5. Use the file WS4Homework to demonstrate the Excel skills. Each of the six problems is worth 10 points, for a total of 60 points possible for this assignment.  
6. When you have completed your assignment, save a copy for yourself and submit a copy to your instructor by the end of the workshop.

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4.4 Assignment: Create Hypothesis

Getting Started

After the prior activities, the analysis section can be written for the research report. Since there are three analyses to perform, this is a partial assignment for the analysis section.

In order to successfully complete this assignment, you should be able to:

• Write part of the analysis section for the data set.

Resources

• File: Research Report Patients
• Your most recent research report

Background Information

This is one of the more detailed assignments in this course. You will write your second analysis for the report. 

Instructions

1. Study the Research Report Patients file.
2. In your report, fill out the second analysis section, including any statistics, graphs, and interpretation of the analysis.
3. When you have completed your assignment, save copies for yourself and submit a copy of the research report to your instructor by the end of the workshop.