Is there a difference between “common practice” and “best practice”?

When you first went to work for your current organization, experienced colleagues may have shared with you details about processes and procedures. Perhaps you even attended an orientation session to brief you on these matters. As a “rookie,” you likely kept the nature of your questions to those with answers that would best help you perform your new role.

Over time and with experience, perhaps you recognized aspects of these processes and procedures that you wanted to question further. This is the realm of clinical inquiry.

Clinical inquiry is the practice of asking questions about clinical practice. To continuously improve patient care, all nurses should consistently use clinical inquiry to question why they are doing something the way they are doing it. Do they know why it is done this way, or is it just because we have always done it this way? Is it a common practice or a best practice?

In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry. Keep in mind that the clinical issue you identify for your research will stay the same for the entire course. 
• Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.
• Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.
• Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies

After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:

• The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.
• A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
• A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

 

Reply to the students discussion below 300 words.

YOU ARE NOT TO GRADE, CRITIQUE, OR CRITICIZE THEIR WORK. ONLY ADD TO THE DISCUSSION/ CONVERSATION STAYING ON TOPIC.

Original topic of discussion:

 As an epic journey to Hell and back, The Inferno clearly traces its ancestry, in part, to The Aeneid. As an “autobiographical” record of a spiritual struggle, it also has equally obvious roots in Augustine’s Confessions. We come to this book, then, uniquely well-versed in its literary antecedents. Where do you see the influence of The Aeneid in Dante’s poem? Of Confessions? 

Student to respond to,

 

Dante’s Inferno is a narrative of a journey he traveled through hell in order for him to find peace and spirituality. It starts with him being lost in his sin and then the Virgil appears as a spiritual guide. As a spiritual guide, Virgil tells Dante that he can only erase or get rid of his sins and darkness is to take him to a journey through hell. This would help Dante recognize that his sins had consequences and he would be able to experience those consequences. Through his journey, Dante sees punishment for all those who are damned into hell and he also sees faces that he recognizes. This scares Dante, but for him it was even more terrifying when he interacts with these individuals and they are able to foretell his life if he continued to sin as he was. They continued the journey and Dante keeps seeing unspeakable punishments until they finally reach Purgatory.

I found there were a few similarities between the Aeneid, Inferno, and Confessions. Dante’s classic was definitely influenced by Virgil and Augustine’s works. I was able to see those influences throughout the poem. One example was, earlier in Dante’s Inferno, he is struggling and drowning in despair, during this time Virgil finds Dante and this is where their journey starts. The scene was predisposed by Augustine’s explanation of how he was spiritually lost during his earlier years. Augustine gave into temptations, turned away from his god, and as a result lived in misery. Another example that was inspired by Augustine was the journey of his soul of becoming closer to god. Dante was inspired with Augustine’s journey, but Dante’s trip to hell was described as literal and figurative rather than Augustine’s whose journey was more of a metaphorical journey. Both of their journeys was very different, but the end result was the same for both, to obtain the ultimate closeness to god.

In Confessions, Dante’s inspiration comes from Virgil’s Aeneid. Besides Virgil being the actual spiritual guide, Inferno and Aeneid consists of epic journeys. The Aeneid was a poem about his path to find homes for those Trojans who were left homeless due to the Trojan War. During his travels, he has to take a trip to hell. Dante and Aeneas are led through hell by a guardian. Aeneas is led by a mortal with god-like powers from Zeus called Sybil, while Dante is led by Virgil. By making Virgil a character in his poem, it proves that Dante was deeply impacted by Virgil’s work. Dante recognizes the similarities of both stories. During both stories, the guardians are represented as protectors of the men they are guiding through this horrific place. In The Aeneid, when Sybil and Aeneas are threatened by Charon, we see how Sybil stands up to him. We also see how during The Inferno, Virgil is the guardian protecting Dante from all the evil and dangers that surround him during his journey to hell. Virgil says to Dante in Canto 9, “Now turn your back and cover your eyes, for if the Gorgon comes and you should see her, there would be no returning to the world,” (Puchner, 1628). At this point Virgil makes sure to cover Dante’s eyes so that he does not turn into stone.

In conclusion, it appears that the characters all interact with the dead. In The Aeneid, Aeneas asks a dead person about his disfigured face, and Dante illustrates the idea of talking to dead people. When Dante met the Jovial Friars he asks, “Who are you, distilling tears of grief, so many I see running down your cheek, and what kind of pain is that it can glitter,” (1678). I found that many of the stories detailed in Dante’s Inferno came from Confessions and The Aeneid and he adjusted many of his works from previous writers.

References
Puchner, Martin, ed. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. 9th ed. New York: W.W.
Norton & Company, Inc., 2014. Print.

 (read the discussion check board!!!) 550-650 words minimum and reply to two of my clasess mates with atleast 6 sentenses with good grammer

To understand peoples’ behavior, sociologists look at their social location in society.

Identify the corners in life that YOU occupy. Describe social locations such as your job/s, income, education, gender, age, and race-ethnicity.

Explain how each of these elements influences your self-concept and behavior.

Select two or three elements to change (for example, gender and race-ethnicity) and describe what differences may exist in your self-concept and behavior if they occupied this social location.

repond no.1

  

Social location indicates the life that individuals live due to the position they hold in society. The impact of social location could be either positive or negative, but sometimes it could lead to a neutral status. Currently, my life is of a college student, and I have no permanent job. However, I have a small business that generates a small amount of income which I rely on. Throughout my education, life has been good. The education offered an opportunity to interact with other students, mainly in the classroom. I believe the interactions I have experienced throughout my education life have significantly affected my development, especially gender roles. Besides, various challenges present themselves to an individual because of their gender. For instance, the gender gap that hinders women from participating in various activities. As a youth, various forces in society affect existence. For example, the technology that I use every day has greatly influenced my thinking and behavior. 

Engaging in activities that generate income influences how I see myself. Income improves my self-esteem, which in turn boosts my confidence in the activities I perform. Also, income affects my behaviors, especially my eating behavior. I can choose to restrict my eating behavior because I can afford the cost of getting healthy food. Education significantly influences how I organize my life by choosing what to do. Also, it ensures that I change my behavior according to the environment to accurately interpret incoming stimuli. Additionally, education enables me to create a sense of living an organized life and provide knowledge that enhances self-discipline. Age significantly influences how individuals see themselves and also their behaviors. In my case, being a youth has greatly affected how I express myself and interact with other people. Age influences the nature of decisions I make in my life. The decisions help shape my behavior because they make me realize what is right and how I should respond to various stimuli in the environment. Another aspect that significantly affects how I view myself of my ethnic group. My cultural identity affects how I interact with people, and it also ensures the development of self-esteem. As an American, there are various activities that people around me engage in that shape my behavior. For instance, most people in America love going out to eat. In this regard, I adopt the same behavior where instead of cooking food, I go out to eat.

If I were to change my gender and age, they would significantly affect my behavior and self-concept in the social location. Being a woman, society expects different duties. Society views women from the perspective that most of their work should involve domestic activity, which significantly influences their position as a woman.  A change in age would greatly affect how I evaluate my choices, bringing a difference in how I see myself. For instance, if I were a 40-year old, I would have an increased sense of power, wealth, and respect, which is different from how I perceive myself now. Additionally, I will tend to behave more maturely because I would have had enough experience on how to respond to different stimuli in the environment.

respond no.2

  

I have had the opportunity to take on an internship at a local aquarium during the summer of my junior year in high school. I was not paid however I was granted community service hours as well as wreaking the benefits of accumulating a vast amount of knowledge in the field of aqua biology, oceanography, and topography. Through the means of understanding such concepts, I am able to build upon my conception of such aforementioned fields of study thereby increasing my interest and motivation in learning. During these times applying myself is made all the more difficult, although finding the necessary amount of self-confidence/self-control can be achieved through further exposure. I have always seen myself as a scientific person, although I never knew how much efficacy I had in the respects of utilizing scientific methods and observation. Aside from discussing yearly income, I primarily focus on helping others and by understanding my working environment at the aquarium. I am still a part of the internship program today since I had acquainted myself with many of the staff works. Following as a person who has social anxiety, I have reached the level of vulnerability in which I am now able to feel comfortable around such noted individuals. Being able to keep my composure around strangers has also significantly improved.

                                       I attended school at both Malibu high and middle school. Aside from going into detail in describing my high school and middle school career, I will break down my experiences at Our Lady of Malibu–my elementary school. For years I had suppressed my emotions on accounts of being true to myself. In which I would never reach out to both my parents and my teachers as I suffered from mental illness without explicitly describing the details. As such the anxiety that I experienced then still haunts me till this day, due to the level of repression. Although my mother is a licensed psychologist, she never knew the level of stress that I endured in the past. I am a male assigned individual. I have recently turned 19 years of age on April the 14th. I am (caucasian/white) in which most of my family members live in Germany. I know how to speak the language due to the fact that I would always speak to my mother in German. Understanding different cultures are important as it allows me to experience the world in a different form and fashion. All the more, all of the noted aspects that I have described above describe the essence of who I am and how I observe the outside world.

RECOMMENDATIONS
#1 Choose the Sherri Finkbine case. More stuff to talk about.#2 I will provide you in my next email with a properly formatted works cited page for the Sherri Finkbine case. Just add that to the end of your paper, deleting those references you don’t use.
PAPER RECOMMENDATIONS: Below I paste my comments–in red italics–below each of the six questions that you should answer when writing your paper. Take my comments as some initial ideas to get your paper started. However, please write your own essay–In fact, the more you disagree with me the better because then more diverse essays.

For the Sherri Finkbine case:

1.     Should the probability of giving birth to a severely deformed baby ever be a sufficient           basis for considering an abortion, or should all fetuses be given a chance to live, even if           the probability of survival is low and/or quality of life is reduced?

The big topic this raises is how should we think about abortion in general before getting to the specific cases. After writing an introduction to your paper where you clearly state your position on the issue–you need to go through a series of issues–presenting arguments and responding to those arguments–explaining why you believe what you believe. First big topic is the morality of abortion

PERSONHOOD–OR THE RIGHT OF THE FETUS

A central issue in the abortion issue is the rights of the fetus. Which then leads to how we figure out which things have rights in the first place and why? What criteria should we use?

One criterion says that fetuses have rights simply in virtue of being human–of being a member of our species–which they certainly are. Fetuses are very primitive human beings–as opposed to very primitive flowers or bees or bears or what have you.

The problem with this criterion is it immediately raises the question of what makes humans so special? So special that, for example, it would be wrong to kill an unconscious very early human fetus but totally okay to a fully conscious intelligence grown animal. This criterion just states a belief–that all humans are special and everything else is not–without evidence. 

A second criterion could be the presence of a soul. A human fetus has value because humans have souls but other animals don’t. The problem with this–is how could you prove this? And how do we even know souls exist? And if they do, how do we know when a soul “attaches” to a body.

A third criterion would be the presence of consciousness. Most philosophers favor this criterion. We could say that a dolphin deserves more rights than a beetle or a bacterium because a dolphin is way more conscious than a beetle. In the fetus case, an early term fetus wouldn’t be conscious (prior to complex brain development) and so wouldn’t have rights. You could then argue, well, the fetus isn’t conscious yet, but will be conscious at some point. 

Sure–but we typically don’t base rights on a mere potential to be something. It’s true that a 5-year-old is a potential 21-year-old, but that doesn’t mean the 5-year old has the right to drink because in the future they will be twenty-one. We typically base rights on the actual not the potential.

If you agree with this line of thought then all abortions prior to conscious development would be perfectly okay including the ones under thalidomide.

THE RIGHTS OF THE MOTHER

The other major issue is the rights of the mother. Even if the fetus has rights–that’s different from saying that a woman has the obligation to use her own body as a life-support system for something she does not desire to have. We don’t force people to give up their organs either to save other people’s lives. 

UTILITARIAN PERSPECTIVE

Utilitarians want to maximize happiness. So if by aborting a fetus that has a high risk of birth defects and later on the couple would have a different child without these defects, this would increase the overall amount of happiness in the world, that would be a reason for doing so. This reasoning isn’t saying that a child with defects would have a bad life always but just that a non-disabled child would be more likely to have a happier life. And be less stressful on the family. Not focused on rights but on the world being a happier place.

2.       What manner of birth defects was caused by the thalidomide drug? 

You’ll have to read ????

3.       Is it morally relevant that thousands of pregnant women who were taking thalidomide,           which was widely marketed for the treatment of nausea, did not know that it caused birth   defects?

I’ll let you think about this.

4.       Is it morally relevant that the Chemie Grünenthal pharmaceutical company failed to test           its product for developmental toxicity in animals before marketing the drug for human           use?

I’ll let you think about this.

5.       Is this case related to questions about the morality of euthanasia?

Euthanasia is ending life to reduce suffering. So you can imagine putting a dog to sleep, or having a adult patient choosing to die to avoid a horrible and painful death that is coming regardless of what you do. I’ll let you think about the connections, if any.

6.       Is this case related to questions about the morality of eugenics?     

Eugenics is killing (or not breeding or sterilizing) the less desirable to improve the gene pool. Hitler was driven by these ideas based on false ideas of human superiority–such as people like Einstein being inferior because he was Jewish. So an idea with an incredibly scary past.I’ll let you think about the connections , if any. 
EVERYTHING I WROTE ABOVE SHOULD HELP YOU WRITE YOUR PAPER. BUT DON’T COPY IT. LET IT BE FOOD FOR YOUR OWN THOUGHTS.
SUGGESTED STRUCTURE.
#1 INTRODUCTION WHERE YOU STATE YOUR POSITION
#2 DISCUSSION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE FETUS
#3 DISCUSSION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE MOTHER
#4 APPLICATION OF THESE IDEAS TO THE FINKBINE CASE
#5 THE COMPANY’S ETHICAL PRACTICES
#6 EUTHANASIA/EUGUENICS
#7 A CONCLUSION RESTATING YOUR ARGUMENT AND YOUR REASONING

Here is a sample works cited page for the Sherri Finkbine case. ONLY INCLUDE THOSE SOURCES YOU ACTUALLY USE. Delete the others from your works cited. You also need to use in-text citations. That is, place the author’s name (or name of the youtube channel uploader) in parentheses at the end of the sentence where you’re using the info. Example :  Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth).

Here again is a sample MLA paper to help you see what I mean.  https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_sample_paper.html

Also, everything needs to be in Times New Roman 12 point font so everything matches. The majority of the references give factual background on the case. The last reference talks about the debate over personhood with regards to individuals with cognitive disability.  https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-disability/ It’s from the super well-regarded Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Worth taking a look just to see how philosophy is done and how broad a field it really is.