Analyze 1 of the following government intervention programs:

• Countercyclical fiscal policies (countering economic disruptions such as the housing bubble and the Great Recession)
• US agriculture support programs
• Assistance for Low Income Families (choose 1)
• Housing vouchers
• Earned Income Tax Credit (including Child Tax Credit)
• Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
• Low income healthcare (choose 1)
• Medicaid (including Children’s Health Insurance Program).
• Affordable Care Act expansion
• Social insurance programs (choose 1)
• Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI)
• Medicare
• Unemployment insurance

Write a 700- to 1,050-word summary of your analysis. Identify the intervention and the market failure leading up to the intervention. Complete the following in your paper:

• Analyze the arguments for government intervention as opposed to arguments for market-based solutions.Hint:See the information about market failures.
• Examine who has been helped and who has been hurt by the selected government intervention.
• Examine externalities and unintended consequences of such intervention. For example, consider whether the SNAP program and health coverage for low-income families result in higher future tax revenues because low-income children grow up healthier and produce higher incomes over their lifetimes.
• Analyze whether cost of the intervention you selected as a share of GDP or the number of participants is increasing,decreasing, or varies with the state of the economy, based on the cost trend(or number of participants) since its inception or since 2000.
• Analyze credible economists’ opinions on the success or failure of the intervention that you chose in achieving its objectives.
• Recommend whether the program should be continued as is, discontinued, or modified based on your conclusions. Defend your recommendation.

Note: Use of charts and graphs is encouraged with appropriate citations. Any charts or graphs retrieved from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FRED website may only be included when the data sources used by FRED are US government sources such as the Bureau of Economic Analysis or the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

Cite at least 2 academically credible sources.  

Format your assignment according to APA guidelines. 

Submit your assignment.

In Chapter 7, you read about naturalistic research methods. This type of research is designed to help the researcher understand behavior in the setting in which it occurs naturally, rather than in a laboratory or other controlled setting. Naturalistic research is appealing because it simulates reality. However, it is challenging because the researcher has limited control over the participants and the settings.Observational research is one of the common types of naturalistic designs. As a researcher, you might hide your identity and blend in with the natural environment. In this case, you would be an unacknowledged observer in the study. When appropriate, you also may let participants know, usually after you have conducted your observations, about the study and reveal your identity. In this case, you would be an acknowledged observer in the study. In both cases, it is a challenge to measure and record the behavior you are studying because the participants are usually moving constantly, and/or are scattered about, thus making it difficult to record every behavioral occurrence under observation. Since you are observing behavior and not using surveys or other means to collect data from your participants, you need to clearly identify the behavior you are studying and use a coding sheet to track the observed behavior.In this Discussion, you develop an idea for a hypothetical observational study and create a coding sheet you could use to record your observations.To prepare:

• Read Chapter 7 in your course text.  Stangor, C. (2015). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (5th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
• Review the coding form example in Figure 7.1 on page 138 of your course text.
• Choose a setting where you would enjoy observing behavior. It might be someplace you go everyday (like the grocery store) or it might be a place you would like to go (such as a city park).
• Create a coding form for a hypothetical observational study of the setting your selected. Use the coding sheet in the course text as an example, but create something that is entirely your own. Note: This is a hypothetical study. You are creating a coding form but not conducting the actual observation study (because you would need to obtain IRB approval first).
• Prepare to upload your coding form as an attachment (in .doc or .rtf format) to your posting.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

1. The topic of your hypothetical observational study. This should also be in the “Subject” field of your post this week (e.g., Child Playground Behavior).
2. In the main body of your post, provide background information on your hypothetical observational study, including the setting, why you are interested in this study, and what you hope to learn.
3. Explain whether you would be an acknowledged or unacknowledged observer and why.
4. Describe the types of behavior and the episodes you included on your coding form.
5. Upload the coding form you created as an attached document (.doc or .rtf format).

Is Cash Flow King?

Understanding “where” a small businesses money “is” is obviously an important piece of overall success. Understanding cash flow (the money coming in and going out of the business) and its many facets is imperative. I have vivid memories of talking with small business owners who had great things going on in their operation…sales were strong, traffic in the location was good, but they could not seem to get a handle on where the money was…they only knew where it wasn’t which was often in their bank account. Each case was often different, but in many of the rural towns and areas the business were still extending “onsite” credit (store credit) and in many instances, saying “no” was difficult when a local customer came in and needed to “charge” until the end of the month. It was often difficult discussions, but getting entrepreneurs to realize that collections were part of their issue and, more important, needing to find alternatives to this approach was something that had to be undertaken. 

Below are articles related to the topic of Cash Flow as well as a video clip from YouTube that discusses the topic of Cash Flow. Please review the attachments and prepare a 3 page document that fully discusses this important accounting/business success topic. As always, please end the paper with your comments related to the topic and any experience(s) you may have. 

https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/249020

https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/cashflow.html

https://www.forbes.com/sites/allbusiness/2019/04/21/cash-flow-challenges-facing-small-business-owners/?sh=5e5939bd3656

 

Question: The United States is an example of a Federal system where power is shared between the central government and strong state and local governments. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach?

Essay quizzes should be between 300 and 400 words long, not including citations, restating the question, or including name and class identifiers. A double-spaced format is preferred.

⇢ The format should be relatively simple, but it should include an opening thesis statement that summarizes the student’s answer to the prompt. The student should then make sure to provide arguments as to why they took the position that they did. The essay should conclude with a sentenced summarizing their arguments. Students should clearly address the prompt. They do not need to restate the prompt in their answer. While students are encouraged to exercise their freedom of opinion, they should strive to be respectful of classmates with opposing viewpoints.

⇢ Students wishing to cite outside sources should formally cite those sources at the end of their essay on a final page by itself. MLA format is preferred. Plagiarism is prohibited. Students should also make sure that quotes from source material should not take up more than 10% of the paper’s required length.

 

Role of RNs and APRNs in policy-making.

It has been reported despite the percentage of nurses that serve on hospital board is very low, and legislative efforts to give APRN full autonomy fail year after year in California and other states (Houskova, 2018). Despite the societal trust and respect for Nurses (Gallup 2017), its collective voice remains unheard by decision-makers and legislators

As health systems evolve over time, Nurses, as a part of this system, require to evolve along (Cohen & Milone-Nuzzo, 2001), requiring nurses to influence the formulation of health policies rather than just implementation of them.

Nurses also require to very much involved in the development of health policies so that they will be able to be in charge of their practice. By implications, nurses require to acquire policy-making and advocacy skills that will meet their values and professional ethics.

Another role of Nurses is identification of critical issues and ways of advancing health care policies. Nurses also need to know the levels of power and those who control health resources (Ferguson, 2001). In short, nurses are expected to be involved in policies that could affect them, their  patients, families and the entire health care system (Taft & Nanna, 2008). This is to promote patient safety, quality of care, and access to care(Ferguson, 2001) .

Methods of Involvement

RN and APRN can influence policies through professional organizations. These professional organizations are in specialty areas, education-related organizations and leadership-related organization such as the American Nurse Association, the National League of Nursing. Many professional organizations employ lobbyists who have the responsibility of carrying issues of concern to lawmakers. These organizations provide massive repertoire of knowledge in policy issues from where RN and APRN may learn and being knowledgeable build confidence when required to help legislators interpret issues (Milstead, n.d.). Nurses also serve as custodian of knowledge     about health policy issues that are relevant to policymakers (Schaeffer, 2019).

The APRNs of the third millennium are also policy analyst by virtue of his/her critical thinking and decision model also shares his vision with policy makers (Milstead, n.d.).

Opportunities That Exist for RNs And APRNs to Actively Participate in Policy-Making  

The first opportunity for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policymaking is by being active members of professional organization. Professional nursing associations are important platforms for individual nurses and the nursing profession to exercise power and influence policy (Matthews, 2012). Another means by which nurses may influence policy is by being political office bearers. For example,  nurses’ presence, role, and influence in health policy development  has been advancing based on an increasing number of nurses elected as political office bearers and/or appointed to national and international boards (Ferguson, 2001).

Other factors that influence nurses’ ability to be active in policy development include finding needed time and possessing relevant knowledge and interest about how political issues affect health care and the nursing profession (Shariff, 2014). 

Challenges That These Opportunities May Present and Solution

Challenges that nurses may encounter with this opportunity include lack of adequate understanding of the legislative process. A method of overcoming this challenge may be seeking adequate education about nursing, policy and legislative process (Rowley, 2020).

As mentioned earlier, joining a professional nursing organization such as the American Nursing Association is a method of engaging in policy. However, a major challenge is that serving or active members could be drafted into boards or committees, requiring additional time to function effectively (Rowley, 2020). A method of addressing this issue

Other challenges include a lack of support, resources and time for nurses to do so in their workplaces. Sometimes there are real bureaucratic walls which act as barriers to nurses being denied opportunities to openly voice their policy concerns, for example because they are government employees. And too often nurses lack confidence and skills in policymaking and do not understand the differences or connections between policy and politics (Turale & Kunaviktikul, 2019). 

 Overcoming These Challenges

In addition to specific methods of addressing specific challenges, the solution is for improved education on Nurses and Health Policies. This can be achieved by calling on national nursing associations, other nursing professional organizations, nurse regulatory bodies, nurse leaders and educators to form a common force in developing strategize about how nursing policy training can be incorporated and supported in each state in the US. country. This includes reviewing and modifying curricula so that policy is included in all programs to varying degrees (Turale & Kunaviktikul, 2019).