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 Hypochondriasis can be a problem for older adults. What situations contribute to hypochondriasis and what interventions can nurses provide that will address this problem in older adults? 

Hypochondriasis

Hypochondriasis refers to persistent anxiety with the likelihood of having one or more severe and progressive physical disorders. There is a wide range of differences between regular health anxiety and persistent incapacitating hypochondriasis (Bailer et al., 2016). The primary cause of hypochondriasis is unknown, but some factors increase the risk of developing the condition. Hypochondriasis is prevalent in older adults due to the aging changes and the fear of losing their memory. Memory issues and a time of high stress in life are some of the situations that contribute to the condition. Other situations include the history of abuses when one was a child, threats of severe illness that turn out to be less severe, and some personality traits, including having a worrier. Sometimes when an older adult had a severe childhood illness or had a parent with a severe illness, they are likely to develop health-related anxiety. Older adults experience a lot of changes in their bodies as a result of aging, which makes them feel more anxious.

           Nurses can provide cognitive behavioral therapy to older adults by using mindfulness techniques. Health anxiety can cause potential real distress to older adults, which can also make them uncomfortable in life. Through this therapy, they can be taught how to think positively and how to handle stress. Cognitive behavior therapy is essential since it involves challenging unnecessary fears and beliefs about health anxieties and monitoring your self-talk. The adults can be guided on managing their thoughts and viewing some of those physical symptoms they experience as less serious illnesses, and the past experiences may never reoccur. Nurses can also administer antidepressant drugs such as fluoxetine, which is also considered an effective treatment for hypochondriasis (Fallon et al., 2017). Antidepressants will help manage their anxieties and make them less depressed. Meanwhile, their families and close relatives can be informed to keep talking to them and reassure them, although it only has a temporary impact on the patients.

References

Bailer, J., Kerstner, T., Witthöft, M., Diener, C., Mier, D., & Rist, F. (2016). Health anxiety and hypochondriasis in the light of DSM-5. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 29(2), 219-239 https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2015.1036243

Fallon, B. A., Ahern, D. K., Pavlicova, M., Slavov, I., Skritskya, N., & Barsky, A. J. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy for hypochondriasis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(8), 756-764 https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16020189

Introduction

The nature and meaning of specific drug-taking experiences have a profound effect on drug users. It is the primary reason that people initiate and continue their drug-taking. You are asked to identify and analyze a particular drug-taking experience from your life and to prepare a short paper discussing it.

Learning Activities

Select an interesting drug-taking experience from your own life; it can be medical or non-medical in nature (e.g., your first experience with a new medication; or experiences with nonprescription drugs or herbal remedies or your first experience with alcohol, tobacco, or another social-recreational drug; an unusual experience with a drug that produced effects, positive or negative, that you were not expecting, etc).

Describe in as much detail as possible the physical and mental effects that occurred during your experience, placing each effect in the time order in which they occurred, your response to those effects, and the social or behavioral circumstances under which the experience transpired. Also, include information about the ritual and set of use, dose, route of administration, and other pharmaceutical factors.

Speculate and discuss the sociological as well as the pharmacological aspects of this experience and what specific social factors influenced the effects that did occur.

This assignment should not exceed four (4) pages. It should be written in 12-point, Times New Roman font, 1.5 line spacing, and reasonable margins.

Grading

This assignment will be graded on your depth of reflection, relevance, readability, and promptness. I am looking for unique and interesting expression of drug experiences, especially those to which you had a strong response (found it very positive, did not expect it and were surprised, found it negative, etc.) and, as a result, you definitely would or would not use the drug again, and you would have strong opinions about the drug in making recommendations to patients or others.

This learning exercise represents a large component of your grade; a corresponding effort is expected and necessary in order to earn a satisfactory grade.

  

Question 1

· Choose a product or service (it can be anything from running shoes, a garden tool, cosmetic, car, etc.).

· Identify 3 companies that sell your selected product/service and “digitally explore” each as it relates to your selected product/service. By digitally explore, you can look at things such as:

o Their web site

o Any social media channel

o Email (if you are on their subscription list or don’t mind signing up—but this is not required)

o Advertisements (they will show up on your SERP and may even show up on other web sites if you visit their site and go somewhere else—this is retargeting).

o Any other place you can find such as a blog that references them or if they are advertised on Amazon, or another web site.

· Compare and contrast between the 3 companies. 

o What kinds of promotions are each company doing for the product/service?

o What do you observe that one or more of the companies are doing well (does it seem to have impact)?

o What do you observe that one or more of the companies are doing poorly?

o Overall, from a digital promotion effort, which company seems to be taking the lead?

· Please include the following in your response:

o Name of the product/service

o Name of the three companies.

o Your comparison of their efforts (3-4 paragraphs are fine).

  

Question 2

Many organizations have a marketing department and a public relations or communications department. Both of these departments need to use social media. Which department do you think should control the social media platforms for an organization? It doesn’t mean the other department cannot use the platforms at all; however, someone has to be in charge. Briefly describe your recommendation and why.

Type your response below (one to two short paragraphs will be sufficient).

  

Question 3

If a friend or family member told you they wanted your thoughts on them becoming a professional influencer, what would your advice be?

· Would you encourage or discourage them becoming an influencer? What’s the rationale for your answer?

· What recommendations would you make for how they would get started?

· What types of attributes would you tell them they need to have to be a successful influencer?

Type your response below (one to two short paragraphs will be sufficient).

  

Question 4

· Choose a non-profit organization.

· Identify and describe 3-5 digital promotional activities/items that you would recommend to help the organization solicit a donation. Some or all of your promotional activities can work together as they would in a campaign, or they can be independent. Examples of a digital promotional activity could be, but are not limited to:

o An email

o Display ad or some other type of advertisement

o Obtaining an influencer (you would describe who, what they could do and why they are good for the organization)

o Some type of digital content (see the weekly guide and your other materials for types of content). You would describe the content, what it conveys and where (channels) it would be distributed.

o There are no limits; think about it and don’t be afraid to throw your ideas out there.

· For each promotional activity, I don’t expect you to actually design something, but I do expect you to provide a thorough description (the kind of messaging, the content type, the intent/purpose, who the audience is, why you think it would work, etc.).

Please make sure to include your name on this document (at the top of the page) and also in the file name.

1. This task assesses the following learning outcomes:
   • Understand how companies are created and how to register all business transactions in the main accounting books: The Journal and the Ledger.
   • Understand how to prepare a company’s Trial Balance.
   • Learning how to record adjusting entries at the end of each month and preparing and Adjusted Trial Balance.
   • Understand how to record the closing entries to be able to close the company’s accounting books.
   • Understand how to prepare the company’s financial statements: Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Statement of Retained Earnings.
   • Acquire a thorough understanding of the company’s accounting cycle and the importance of all the procedures need to determine the company’s final
     net income and its financial situation in the Balance Sheet.
     Problem 1: Recording transactions in the journal, posting to T accounts and trial balance (30 points)
     On February 20, Jane Doe began a new business called Doe Printing, which provides typing, duplicating, and printing services. The following six transactions were completed by the business during February.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

Issued to Jane 1,000 shares of capital stock in exchange for her investment of $200,000 cash. (4 points)
Purchased land and a small building for $550,000, paying $150,000 cash and signing a note payable for the balance. The land was worth $240,000 and the building $310,000. (5 points)
Purchased office equipment for $50,000 from Staples, Inc. Paid $18,000 cash and agreed to pay the balance within 60 days. (4 points) Purchased a motorcycle on credit for $3,500 to be used for making deliveries to customers and agreed to make payment to Spokes, Inc. within 10 days. (4 points)

Paid in full the account payable to Spokes, Inc. (4 points)
Borrowed $40,000 from a bank and signed a note payable due in six months. (4 points)

Instructions:
1. Record the above transactions in general journal form. (18 points) 2. Post the entries in the T accounts below. (12 points)

Problem 2: Recording adjusting entries (24 points)

Hollander Laboratory adjusts and closes its accounts at the end of each month. The trial balance on September 30, 2020, before adjustments is as follows:

Cash
Accounts Receivable
Prepaid Rent
Office Supplies
Medical Equipment
Accumulated Depreciation: Medical
Equipment
Accounts Payable
Notes Payable
Unearned Revenue
Capital Stock
Retained Earnings
Dividends
Medical Revenue
Salaries Expense
Utilities Expense
Insurance Expense
Total $96,000

$18,200 27,000 5,000 1,200

21,800
$6,000

3,000

8,000 14,000 18,000 16,000

1,000
31,000

14,000 2,000 5,800

$96,000

The following information relates to month end adjustments:

(1) Office supplies consumed during September 30 amounted to $600.
(2) The useful life of the medical equipment was estimated to be 10 years.
(3) Many patients pay in advance for major medical procedures. Fees of $7,000 were earned during the month by performing procedures patients who had paid in advance.
(4) Salaries earned by employees during the month but not yet recorded amounted to $2,500.
(5) On September 1 Hollander Laboratory paid $5,000 for 2 month’s rent in advance.
(6) Medical procedures performed during the month but not yet billed or recorded amounted to $8,600.

Instructions: Prepare the adjusting entries required at September 30. (4 points per entry)

Problem 3: Closing entries and preparing Financial Statements (46 points)

Funky Beat Studio provides music lessons to student musicians. Some students pay in advance for lessons; others are billed after lessons have been already provided and the amounts are credited to “Lessons revenue”. The advanced payments are credited to an account entitled “Unearned revenue”.

FUNKY BEAT STUDIO ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 2020

Cash
Accounts receivable
Unexpired insurance
Prepaid rent
Sheet music supplies
Music Equipment
Accumulated depreciation: music equipment
Accounts payable
Notes payable
Dividend payable
Interest payable
Income taxes payable
Unearned revenue
Capital stock
Retained earnings
Dividends
Lessons revenue
Advertising expense
Insurance expense
Rent expense
Sheet music supplies expense
Utilities expense
Depreciation expense: music equipment
Salaries expense
Interest expense
Income tax expense
Total $322,000

$ 72,000 3,500 5,000 1,000 25 3,400 1,100

20,000 56,600

159,375

$ 20,800 2,100 3,200 6,000 450 180,000

1,000

7,400

4,400 16,500 780 5,000 33,000 27,500 25 13,845

$322,000

From the adjusted trial balance dated December 31, 2020, provided above, complete the following:

1. Prepare all the closing entries for the company. (12 points)

1. Prepare the Income Statement dated 31/12/20. (10 points)
2. Prepare a Statement of Retained Earnings dated 31/12/2020. (10 points)
3. Prepare the company’s Balance Sheet dated 31/12/2020. (14 points)