As robust as the IP protocol is, it does not perform the actual transmission of the data. In this step, you will investigate the network protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), responsible for creation, reliability of delivery, and proper assembling of data packets. 

In addition to IP, TCP is also widely used on the internet, especially for any network communication where it is essential to confirm receipt of the transmission. Many of the network protocols used to implement cloud computing use both TCP and IP. You will review TCP’s workings and discuss them in your final technical report. 

In general, there is no guarantee that a data packet will reach its destination. Packets can get lost or corrupted during transmission, and there are network applications where you need assurance that the packets have reached their destination. To achieve reliability, TCP establishes connections between communicating hosts, using port numbers to refer to applications on these hosts. Then, packets are created, sequenced, transmitted, acknowledged, and retransmitted if missing or containing errors. Finally, at the destination, they are reassembled into the original messages. 

To synchronize the flow of packets between sender and receiver, and avoid packet congestion in case of varying speeds, TCP uses sliding windows for packets remaining in processing at a given time, at both the sender and receiver ends. 

In the next step, you will look into subnetting BallotOnline’s IP addresses.

 

One of the drawbacks of IPv4 is the maximum number of network devices it can support. IPv4 addressing uses a 32-bit network address. This allows for 232,, or a little over 4 billion devices. However, today there are significantly more devices on the internet. Even though the more robust IPv6 version has been introduced and efforts are under way to assure wide adoption, IPv4 is still widely used.

One method used to more efficiently use the IPv4 network addresses is a technique to optimize the addresses by splitting them into network addresses and host addresses within designated networks. You will need to take advantage of IP address splitting so that you can efficiently use and allocate the IPv4 network addresses that have been assigned to BallotOnline.

For a given large network, rather than addressing all the hosts using the host part of the address, subnetting allows for splitting the network into several smaller ones by borrowing the host part bits and adding them to the network bits. It supports efficient management of local networks composed of multiple LANs. In this step, you will investigate subnetting conventions and discuss them in your final report in order to lay ground for the use of subnets by BallotOnline.

As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that subnetting a network into several smaller and variable-sized networks will be best for the organization’s needs. BallotOnline has been assigned a network address block by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).

Because BallotOnline has several offices around the world, you will need to subnet this network address to assign just the right number of addresses to each office location based on the number of systems at that office location (the network address assigned by IANA and the number of offices along with their sizes will be provided in the announcement section of this class at the beginning of Week 2).

Your task is to create the appropriate number of subnets with the right size to optimize the network.

Your technical report should include Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) notation, which allows for specifying a variable-length network as part of the IPv4 address, leaving the rest for addressing hosts within the network.

Submit the network information in the submission box below.

 

Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) is a method to use IP addressing without being restricted to the original grouping of IPv4 (Class A, B, and C).  Using CIDR, you can create a network (or subnetwork) and size it appropriately based on the needs. 

For example, without CIDR, if you have a network with 500 hosts or systems, you cannot use a Class C network because Class C is limited to 254 hosts, so you are forced to use a Class B network, which leads to a waste of IP addresses.

Also, prior to CIDR, when specifying a network address, you will need to also provide the subnet mask. For example: 

• Network address: 192.168.1.0
• Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

You need both to inform the size of the network.

With CIDR notation, instead of specifying the subnet mask, you note the number of bits used for the network hosts. For example, the same network as above would be written as:

• Network address: 192.168.1.0/24

For more information, review the following article:

https://opensource.com/article/16/12/cidr-network-notation-configuration-linux

Provide (2) 150 words substantive response with a minimum of 1 APA references for RESPONSES 1 AND 2 below. Response provided should further discuss the subject or provide more insight. To further understand the response, below is the discussion post that’s discusses the responses. 100% original work and not plagiarized. Must meet deadline.

RESPONSE 1:

I can think of a few different web based firms that offer online security checks. I personally do trust these types of services. Of course I would only ever use well known software like Norton or MacAfee. I’ve never heard about anything going wrong with utilizing services like these and I have definitely seen things go wrong while operating on a PC or laptop without protection. 

Norton Security offers different security options that range from Plus ($19.99), Standard ($25.99), Deluxe ($29.99), and Select ($99.48). These different options which vary by price also vary by what the plan covers. Mainly, the less expensive options have less levels of protection versus the more expensive plans which get additional benefits or areas of security. Looking at the most expensive plan, the Select Plan, the coverage options seem pretty extensive, it’s a plan I would go with if I chose to use this service. There is security for 5 different devices, PC Cloud Backup, Virus Protection, Parental Controls, Private Browsing with VPN, Stolen Funds Reimbursement, etc. This plan and coverage is pretty in depth. I would say that this type of software is one that I would trust and I would recommend to people, especially with windows computers. There have been many issues over the years with flaws in windows security allowing for data breaches via way of hackers gaining access to networks and devices. I wouldn’t want to risk something like that and I feel that most people have a lot of information stored on their devices these days, probably more information than ever before as the world continues to transform to an all electric operating system. These days most people have thousands of pictures on their devices, important scanned documents, school and medical related documents and paperwork, etc. This puts us all in a very vulnerable position because if anyone were to gain access to these devices they can steal the information, they can lock it, and they can destroy it all together. 

¹ Norton. Cyber Safety. 2021. 

Felicia 

RESPONSE 2:

There have been times in the past were I had to restore to using one of these free services to scan my system. Free tools such as Avast antivirus have been a great help in detecting some of the standard malicious software; however, this protection is limited in its capacity. If you want those additional features, it will cost you. There are many free security options out on the web, but there are even more that have been found to be malicious. Some of these rogue security applications will take names similar to those of respected developers or official-sounding names such as BitDefender 2011 or Windows XP Recovery, which will be used to trick unsuspecting users into installing them on their systems (Prakash & Parameswari, 2016). Typically deployed after a user visits a questionable website which will alert the user to possible infection and offer a link to download the free security software. Once on the system, the user will be bombarded with phony alerts stating that their system has been compromised further and would require a higher level of protection at a cost to the user. Already at this point, the user has opened themselves up to the installation of all forms of nasty malware, including rootkits, trojans, and ransomware. 

I have since moved on to other antivirus options such as McAfee since the service was free through the military. However, McAfee offers a subscription-based service, with multiple tiers, with prices ranging from $19.99 to $39.99. The standard features provided with this security solution range from its standard antivirus protection, VPN licenses, encrypted storage, and password management. Some of these services are unnecessary, such as the 128-bit encryption for storage, which encrypts data on a hard drive to protect against unauthorized viewing. The encrypted storage feature can be found on any modern system. Another feature offered is the password manager, which stores all your passwords in a single repository. It also suggests sufficiently solid passwords and automatically holds them for you. Although this makes password management a breeze, a compromise in this area could reveal all your passwords to an adversary. Luckily all this information is protected with encryption, and if the anti-malware protection is being used, it should block any malware that would capture this data. 

-Joshua

Prakash, G., & Parameswari, M. (2016). On reviewing the implications of rogue antivirus. Journal of Information Ethics, 25(2), 128-139. Retrieved from https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/scholarly-journals/on-reviewing-implications-rogue-antivirus/docview/2064887596/se-2?accountid=8289

McAfee. (n.d.). McAfee Total Protection 2021: Beyond Antivirus. McAfee. 

1. Please define the obfuscation process in detail.

2. Using http://www.dependencywalker.com please explain the components involved within the .dll GetCurrentProcess.dll along with how the process works. Please provide a snapshot of your findings.

3. Answer the questions relating to Lab1-2:

Q: 1. Upload the Lab01-02.exe file to http://www.VirusTotal.com/ . Does it match any existing antivirus

definitions? 

Q: 2. Are there any indications that this file is packed or obfuscated? If so, what are these

indicators? If the file is packed, unpack it if possible. 

Q: 3. Do any imports hint at this program’s functionality? If so, which imports are they

and what do they tell you? 

Q: 4. What host-or network-based indicators could be used to identify this malware on infected

machines? 

________________________________________

In this assignment, you will need to setup a virtualized environment. See the following:

https://www.osboxes.org

http://www.heaventools.com/download.html

https://www.fireeye.com/mandiant.html

https://www.wireshark.org/download.html

https://regshot.en.softonic.com

Please provide a complete writeup on how this malware could be installed on your machine. NOTE: You will need to disable any anti-virus protection as this contains live malware. It will not install onto your system. 

Analyze the malware found in the file Lab03-02.dll using basic dynamic

analysis tools. 

How can you get this malware to install itself?

How would you get this malware to run after installation? 

How can you find the process under which this malware is running?

Which filters could you set in order to use procmon to glean information? 

What are the malware’s host-based indicators? 

Are there any useful network-based signatures for this malware? 

How could you prevent this type of malware from installing on your machine?

PLEASE COPY AND PASTE QUESTIONS IN DOCUMENT AND ANSER THEM ACCORDINGLY.

 

Assignment: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders

…heart disease remains the No. 1 killer in America; nearly half of all Americans have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or smoke—some of the leading risk factors for heart disease…

—Murphy et al., 2018

Despite the high mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disorders, improved treatment options do exist that can help address those risk factors that afflict the majority of the population today.  

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF

As an advanced practice nurse, it is your responsibility to recommend appropriate treatment options for patients with cardiovascular disorders. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy, advanced practice nurses must consider aspects that might influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes such as medical history, other drugs currently prescribed, and individual patient factors.

Reference: Murphy, S. L., Xu, J., Kochanek, K. D., & Arias, E. (2018). Mortality in the United States, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db328.htm

To Prepare

• Review the Resources for this module and consider the impact of potential pharmacotherapeutics for cardiovascular disorders introduced in the media piece.
• Review the case study assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.
• Select one the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior factors.
• Reflect on how the factor you selected might influence the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.
• Consider how changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy.
• Think about how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Reflect on whether you would modify the current drug treatment or provide an alternative treatment option for the patient.

By Day 7 of Week 2

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

• Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned.
• Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples.
• Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended improvements.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The College of Nursing Writing Template with Instructions provided at the Walden Writing Center offers an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

Consider your experience and learning with regard to EHRs. If you were to design a learning program for your clinical environment centered on the use of EHRs, what would it include? How would it be taught?

2.  Obtaining data in clinical practice:

Suggest a data mining project for your practice. Which information would you like to have about your practice area that could be extracted using data mining strategies? How can you make sure that you select and develop those that best fit your data?

3.  Translating data/research into practice:

Twelve-hour shifts are problematic for patient and nurse safety, yet hospitals continue to keep the 12-hour shift schedule. In 2004, the Institute of Medicine (Board on Health Care Services & Institute of Medicine, 2004) published a report that referred to studies as early as 1988 that discussed the negative effects of rotating shifts on intervention accuracy. Workers with 12-hour shifts experienced more fatigue than workers on 8-hour shifts. In another study done in Turkey by Ilhan, Durukan, Aras, Turkcuoglu, and Aygun (2006), factors relating to increased risk for injury were age of 24 years or younger, less than 4 years of nursing experience, working in surgical intensive care units, and working for more than 8 hours.

As a clinician reading these studies, what would your next step be? Is there additional data that you need? If so, how would you obtain this data? Assuming you were part of a management team of a hospital that works 12-hour shifts, what recommendations would you give to the management team and why?

THINK about and work through the questions above, and then use the textbook and online resources to compose your response to each question individually. Remember to provide citations to acknowledge the sources of the information. Make sure you give rationale (scientific evidence and/or your clinical observation) that supports your conclusion.