1.A growing tomato plant is sprayed with a chemical that destroys chlorophyll. Explain (using an explanation of photosynthesis) why this will kill the tomato plant.

2.The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2  6 A.M.2O – Sunlight — C6H12O6  6O2. Explain the role of each of the products (left side of the arrow) and explain where the products (right side of the arrow) came from.

3. Using figure 4.8 for guidance, explain which colors of light a plant with just chlorophyll a result would result in the highest photsynthetic output. Why would a yellow only light scenario not be ideal for plant containing both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

4.Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the C3 pathway for photosynthesis.  Under which conditions would a C3 plant have an advantage?  a disadvantage? 

5.A drug that inhibits hydrogen ion gradient formation is deadly to humans and plants? Explain why this is so.

6.Explain the relationship between food consumption and cellular respiration. How does the food we eat generate ATP energy? Make sure to discuss ATP synthase in the electron transport chain.

7.Explain why oxygen is not needed in glycolysis but is in the electron transport chain. How is water formation related to the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

8.Explain why a drug that inhibits NADH production would be deadly to an organism that undergoes aerobic cellular respiration.

 

 

You are to prepare a tax research memo regarding the following fact pattern. Your memo should include five sections: Facts, Issues, Authorities, Conclusion, Analysis. A sample research memo is located in your text on page 2-22. Your memo should be 1-2 pages, single spaced. You will need to cite primary authority in your memo. Your assignment will be screened through TurnItIn, so all sources should be cited. You are to work on this assignment with your assigned partner. This assignment is subject to the Academic Honesty Policy. You should submit this assignment through Canvas (as an uploaded file) no later than 11:59 p.m. central time on March 21st.

Whitney and Ed North are avid antiques collectors. They regularly attend garage sales and flea markets and purchase lots of old stuff. In 2019, they purchased a very old desk for $600. The desk was in poor shape and required rehabilitation. It sat in their garage for more than a year. Whitney was taking the desk apart when she found an old document jammed into a dark recess of the desk. She opened the document and much to her surprise she had found a Picasso painting.

Whitney was very excited by the discovery of this treasure. She and Ed contacted Sotheby’s, the auction house, to get an appraisal for the painting. In December 2020, Sotheby’s authenticated and appraised the painting at $1,350,000. In April of 2021, the painting was auctioned by Sotheby’s and fetched $1,650,000 net of fees and commissions. Whitney and Ed received the money in May of 2021.

Your manager asked you to prepare a research memo indicating how Whitney and Ed should treat the discovery of this document for tax purposes. Specifically, you should indicate the following:

• Do they have taxable income?
• If so, when do they have taxable income and what amount?
• What is the character of any income? 

  

Scenario: An insurance company has hired you to do an evaluation of its training program. Members of management are particularly concerned about the new-hire training for new insurance agents. This training teaches the agents about all of the different policies offered by the company for life, auto, home, and health insurance. The current situation is that the company is paying each agent taking the course $300 a week while in training. The training course lasts for 8 weeks. This costs the company $2,400 in salary per agent during the training. The instructor is paid $5,000 for the 8 weeks. Other overhead expenses include site rental, supplies, and equipment, and they cost approximately $3,000. At the end of the training, the agents are assigned a trained agent to work with for 2 weeks (new agent pay is still $300 a week), and then they are assigned a territory. 45% of the agents trained quit before the end of the time with the trained agent. Another 20% quit or are fired within the first 3 months on the job. The company needs to find out what needs to be done to improve its hiring and training practices so that it retains more of the agents hired. 

Your assignment is to develop a proposal (in APA-manuscript format) for data collection. Specifically, you will be required to clearly explain and justify the data-collection plan you would follow to do the training program evaluation.

Be sure to include the following: 

• The data you will collect 
  • Construct a data collection tool with a Likert scale. 
  • The data collection tool should use 5 survey statements. 
  • The Likert scale should include 5       categories from “agree” to “disagree.” 
• Classification of the data as quantitative or      qualitative 
• Description of why the data are needed 
• Description of who you will collect the data from      (sample) and what method you will use to determine the sample 
• Technology options that you might use to collect data      and why the selected technology is appropriate 

Be sure to use the EDU602 LibGuide as well as appropriate peer-reviewed journal sources (other than the textbook) to support and reinforce your choices. Because you have not yet collected data (your paper is just a proposed plan), do not make recommendations regarding the solution to the problem. 

 

This week’s topic, not to get too depressing, is about student debt.  Write a 300+ word response to the following article:

The student debt burden is worse than you even realize

By Priscilla Lord  NOVEMBER 26, 2014 — 8:10PM

We must help our students avoid racking up so much school debt. Many students come to my office feeling scared and hopeless, begging me to help them with their mountain of debt, because they have graduated without finding a job or are working at such low-paying jobs that they are unable to make payments.

Let’s call them “students in need.” Their families are unable to financially assist them, forcing them to borrow unbearable amounts in student loans.

For instance, several students who had attended a for-profit school came to me for help. They had been told a few months before graduation that they would not, in fact, be graduating. They were left with more than $100,000 in debt and no prospect of employment in the field they had so diligently studied for. Another student was unable to pass the bar exam despite several attempts, leaving $150,000 of debt and no prospect of a profession producing a commensurate income.

Furthermore, student loans are never dischargeable in bankruptcy except in cases of severe physical hardship. This is abusive.

Our country has done more to help our failing big businesses, big banks and defaulting homeowners than we have done for young people who don’t understand the significant financial ramifications of borrowing for their college tuition.

Let’s review the facts. As of 2013, a student who chose to attend four years in the University of Minnesota undergraduate program would pay $101,496 ($25,374 per year) for tuition, fees, books, personal miscellaneous expenses, and room and board. Add another three years of law school at $176,338 for a total of $277,834 over seven years.

This is like a mortgage without a house.

If this student amortized a $277,834 debt over 25 years at 6.5 percent interest, the monthly payment would be $1,875 — $22,500 annually. Many new graduates are not making the income that would allow them to pay such student loans back, forcing many to use income-based repayment options or chronic deferment, causing interest to accrue exponentially.

Compare home mortgages to student loans. Current interest rates for 30-year home mortgages are fixed at around 4 percent and 15-year mortgages at around 3.3 percent. Federal student loans vary from 4.66 to 8 percent, and private bank student loans can charge up to 15.74 percent.

But, unlike with student loans, before the home buyer commits, the loan agency must submit an amortization schedule to inform borrowers of the principal and interest rate so they know exactly how much they will pay back each month. Unfortunately, the full amortization of a student loan is usually not provided to students until they are ready to graduate.

There are simple policy changes we should implement that would result in more financial accountability for colleges and universities and more informed choices for students and their families:

•  First, interest charged on federal student debt should be set at the same rate charged to banks.
•  Second, require a Truth in College Lending statement to accompany each loan, providing an amortization of the cost of the loan as it grows each semester and a projection of the final debt.
•  Third, inform co-signers of the potential consequences of that obligation. For example, if the student defaults on the loan, the lender has the right to take payments out of the co-signer’s Social Security income until the debt is paid off.
•  Fourth, inform the student of the fields best suited to pay back the loan and the number of graduates with jobs in that field along with their rate of pay.
•  Fifth, encourage schools to provide more “no frills” education (low-cost classes and no program fees) like the online classes offered by Arizona State University.
•  Sixth, provide our debt-burdened students access to bankruptcy protection programs.

We must end this predatory lending practice, or tuition debt will be the next financial tsunami. Too many of our graduates are already unable to buy homes, raise families and contribute to strengthening our economy.

Priscilla Lord is managing partner of Lord and Associates, has served for several years on the University of Minnesota Athletic Advisory Committee and has represented students with loan debt. 

Please reply to the following discussion with one reference. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion. Cite resources in your responses to other classmates.

Discussion:

Discuss the questions that would be important to include when interviewing a patient with this issue

One important question that would be important to ask this patient is the location of the abdominal pain. The location of the abdominal pain is important, as it can help narrow your differential diagnosis. For example, diffuse abdominal pain may represent gastroenteritis, whereas localized right lower quadrant pain is classic for but not limited to appendicitis (Shian & Larson, 2018). Another important question involves asking her to describe more of the pain in terms of things such as the onset, characteristics, severity, aggravating factors, or any other thing that makes the pain better. The purpose of asking these questions is to gather crucial subjective data from the patient that can lead to possible differential diagnosis and help the healthcare team create a plan that will address her concerns and promote health. Also, it is of great importance to ask the patient about her last pelvic exam and Pap test. Knowing this information is important to know if the patient has previously been diagnosed with gynecologic-related complications, and may also help give clues to the cause of the discomfort and pain she is experiencing.

Describe the clinical findings that may be present in a patient with this issue

There are various clinical findings that may present in patients with pelvic pain. Common symptoms include the following (Gopchade, 2018).

i. Lower abdominal pain or crumps before or during periods

ii. Feeling pain during or after sex

iii. Painful ovulation

iv. Constipation or diarrhea

v. Blood seen with bowel movements

vi. Low back pain

vii. Painful urination

viii. Bloating or gas

Are there any diagnostic studies that should be ordered on this patient? Why?

Various diagnostic studies that should be ordered on this patient include the following.

Urine pregnancy test – The patient menstrual period was one month ago and she is currently sexually active with no form of birth control. Besides, she reports symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and pelvic pain, all which suggest pregnancy.

Pap test-thin test with HPV testing – Pap test should be done with HPV testing because her lap pap test, which was done three years ago, showed abnormal cells in the tissue that lines the outer part of the cervix.

Urinary dipstick – This would be important to help rule out a urinary tract infection (UTI).

Pelvic ultrasound – An ultrasound is important to evaluate a possible pelvic mass, the size of the uterus and ovaries, to confirm the location of a pregnancy, or to rule out an inflammatory or infectious process.

HIV and RPR – Both tests should be done as part of the STI screen. RPR is important to rule out syphilis.

List the primary diagnosis and three differential diagnoses for this patient. Explain your reasoning for each.

Cervicitis – The condition is mostly caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea, and may present with lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge.

Urinary tract infection – UTIs usually presents with symptoms such as dysuria and urinary frequency. Besides, UTIs may present with lower abdominal pain.

Vaginitis – Bacterial vaginosis may presents with symptoms such as vaginal discharge, vaginal itching with thick, and white discharge.

Primary diagnosis – Ectopic pregnancy – The patient is sexually active and is not using any form of contraceptive. Ectopic pregnancy is characterized by bright or dark red discharge, as well as pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding. Besides, the patient reports symptoms of missed period, nausea, and breast tenderness.

Discuss your management plan for this patient, including pharmacologic therapies, tests, patient education, referrals, and follow-ups.

The first management plan for this patient is to prescribe pain relieving medications such as aspirin, Ibuprofen or acetaminophen to provide partial relief from her pelvic pain. The pain relieving medications should be accompanied by antidepressants such as amitriptyline to help improve her pain as well as provide antidepressant effects. Also, it would be important to encourage her to use protections (condom) every time she has sex to help prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Physical therapy such as stretching exercises, massage and other relaxation techniques would also help improve her pain (Mayo Clinic, 2021). The patient needs to be referred to a physical therapists to help her develop coping strategies for the pain and a psychiatrist to help her cope with possible intimate partner violence.

Reference

Gopchade, C. A. (2018). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Women of Child Bearing age Group: A Prospective Study.

Mayo Clinic (July 17, 2021). Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women. mayoclinic.org. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354371

Shian, B., & Larson, S. T. (2018). Abdominal wall pain: clinical evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment. American family physician, 98(7), 429-436.