Module 4: Cognitive Explanations of Learning
Metacognition:
• John Flavell + Lev Vygotsky + Jean Piaget
• Metacognition is the monitoring and control of thought, thinking about cognition, self reflection
• Metacognition is the process of being self-aware of one’s own personal learning strengths and weaknesses; strategy knowledge and use; and a capacity for self-reflection
Strategies to Improve Metacognitive Awareness:
– Discuss with the class the importance of metacognitive knowledge
– Model your own metacognitive processes for students
– Ensure there is time for group discussion and reflection about learning activities
– Make visible the cognitive strategies students are using
Improve regulation of cognition by checking planning, monitoring and evaluating strategy use
Examples of Reflective Questions: https://4assignmenthelpers.com/module-4-cognitive-explanations-of-learning/
– What is your goal?

http://yourassignmentprofs.com/
What strategies are you using?
– Who can you ask for help?
– How often are you studying?
– Do you think your strategies are working?
– Do you need to make changes to your strategies?
– Did you achieve your goal?
– What strategies worked?
– What will you do differently next time?
Benefits and Limitations of Metacognition;
– Self-awareness
– More efficient use of study time by using strategies
– Taking control of learning
Not always easy to identify learning strategies
– Hard to be honest about strategies
Introspection can lead to doubt
Module 5: The Constructivist Classroom
Constructivism:
• John Dewey + Jean Piaget + Jerome Bruner + Benjamin Bloom
Key Principles of Constructivism;
– Learners are active participants in their own learning – the leam by doing
– Learners are self-regulated – they plan, monitor and evaluate (metacognition)
– Social interaction is necessary for learning
– Individuals are encouraged to make sense of information for themselves
Classroom Strategies of Constructivism;
– Discovery learning – problem based learning
– Problem solving
– Open-ended questions
Reflection; Learning journal
– Questioning
– Collaborative learning
– Small-group learning
– Social learning – online networking Peer teaching
– Use of experts e.g. parents or community members
– Use of Bloom’s taxonomy to structure a series of questions that each student can apply based on their capacity
– Cultural experiences – excursions to art galleries, museums, national parks
Benefits and Limitations of Constructivism;
– Active discovery promotes curiosity
– Active rather than passive learning
Interaction with experts
– Encouraged use of available technology
– Requires considerable time
– Students may not have group work skills
– Lack of student motivation
– Students may leam incorrectly
Module 6: Contemporary Teaching Strategies
Collaborative Inquiry and Problem Based Learning:
• John Chaffee + John Dewey + Socrates
• Scaffolds (tools, resources, and processes provided by the teacher)
• Before learning – during learning – after learning
• Based around experiencing and solving real world problems
Characteristics of Collaborative Inquiry and Problem Based Learning:
– Posing questions and investigating these using data/information
– Freedom for groups of students to define their own inquiry or problem solving process
– Development of ideas within a community of learners
– Student-centred activities in order to solve a problem
– Discovery or exploration of ideas
Elements of the Process of Inquiry/Problem Based Learning;
– Asking questions
– Planning
– Investigation
– Analysis of information
– Model creation of the solution/findings
– Conclusion
– Reflection
Scaffold Examples:
– providing some direct instruction at the start of the project – helps orient students to the topic and provides an overview of the importance of the topic
– provide a series of steps that the students have to follow, based on relevant content
– take students on an excursion https://legitassignmenthelp.com/2021/04/17/john-flavell-lev-vygotsky-jean-piaget/
– ask the local experts to speak to class and respond to questions
– provide regular opportunities in class to discuss the strategies students are using, zealtutors.com and their perspective on how effective these strategies were
Benefits and Limitations of Inquiry/Problem Based Learning:
– Teaches critical thinking skills http://assignmenthelp4u.com/recognition-letter/
– Focuses on strategies to overcome problems
– Improve students attitudes towards learning
– Not all students comfortable with group work
– Relies on introspection and self-report
– Regular feedback can be difficult
Module 7: Personalised Learning and Data Driven Teaching
• David Miliband
• select age-equivalent content that is meaningful and respects students’ individual needs, strengths, language proficiencies and interests
• provide stimulating learning experiences that challenge, extend and develop all students
• use their knowledge of students’ individual needs, strengths and interests to ensure access to the teaching and learning program.
• Emphasises student individuality
• Meaningful connection between student and curriculum
• Data driven teaching uses individual data from student assessment to tailor make future assessments and activities based on current ability level
Benefits and Limitations of Personalised Learning:
Many ways for students to present work
– Students have a choice in how they learn and what materials they choose to leam with
– Encourages autonomy, self awareness, and responsibility
– Some students are indecisive and procrastinate
– Finance restraints
– Without direct guidance curriculum components may not be fulfilled

Module 4: Cognitive Explanations of Learning

In anticipation of Mary’s request for comparative analysis, it will be useful at this time to do some research. You know that you can obtain the financials of companies within the same sector or Standard Industry Code as Apix Printing (e.g., commercial printing), and that the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Standard Industry 2012 code for Apix Printing is presently 323111.  

Search for two other companies in the same industry as Apix Printing.

When you get to work the next day, you see the following e-mail from Mary:

Here is the list of financial ratios you asked for. I need you to explain the computation of each and compute these for Apix’s results for the financial statements you are using for the PowerPoint presentation. Also, compare Apix’s 2-year trend results to that of two other firms in the sector. Indicate how each of Apix’s ratios differ, and indicate whether the two other companies’ ratios or Apix’s ratios are indicative of better performance.

Explain the computation for each of the following, and compute each for Apix and two other companies in the same industry as Apix Printing:

• Current ratio
• (Long-term) debt to equity ratio
• Gross margin percentage
• Net profit margin percentage
• Return on equity percentage

Present your findings of the above data in a table. Add a paragraph that summarizes your results, indicating whether investors would find the financial analysis results of Apix competitive as compared to rivals in the sector. Be sure to include both positive and negative trends in your analysis.

Lillian has been on her medication for pneumonia for 24 hours. The physician says the pneumonia is improving, but she also is having an acute exacerbation of her COPD and a chronic irregular heart rate. Her vital signs are T 37C, B/P 140/87, P 82 and irregular, R 12, and pulse oximetry 92% on 2L O2 per nasal cannula. The physician is concerned about her blood pressure and wants to continue to watch it. She feels that Lillian will benefit from regular medication for her COPD while in the hospital and when she goes home. Lillian also is complaining of cigarette cravings and constipation. The physician is urging her to quit smoking.

The physician leaves the following orders.

• Albuterol MDI two puffs every 6 hours
• Ipratropium MDI two puffs every 6 hours
• Nicoderm 7 mg/24 hr transdermal patch daily
• Bisacodyl 10 mg suppository now x1 then 10 mg po daily
• Bathroom privileges
• Respiratory therapist to determine the need for O2 at home
• Cardiologist, Dr. B, to consult for irregular heart rate

For your first post, answer all of the following questions about the unfolding case study. Remember that you must also respond to at least one peer in this thread.
1. How does albuterol MDI work? Make sure to include the drug category, mechanism of action, onset and duration of action, and safety considerations.
2. How does ipratropium MDI work? Make sure to include the drug category, mechanism of action, onset and duration of action, and safety considerations.
3. How would the nurse properly administer the two MDIs when both have been scheduled at the same time of day?
4. Lillian asks the nurse why she is on two inhalers for her COPD when she used to use just one. What points would the nurse want to cover to answer her question, considering her history of noncompliance?

For your second post, answer all of the following questions about the unfolding case study. Remember that you must also respond to at least one peer in this thread.
The following morning, the cardiologist came to consult on Lillian’s case and left orders for anticoagulation because of Lillian’s chronic irregular heartbeat from atrial fibrillation. Dr. B left the following orders for anticoagulation.

• Heparin 5,000 units SQ every 12 hours
• Warfarin 2.5 mg po daily for a target INR of 2.5
• aPTT, PT, and INR now and then every morning
• Digoxin 0.25 mg po daily

1. What is the rationale for the cardiologist ordering heparin and warfarin at the same time?
2. What are some nursing implications when administering digoxin?

Ethical dilemmas are situations that involve conflicting moral or ethical choices. To truly meet the criteria for an ethical dilemma, there must first be a choice. If applicable laws say that client records must be kept in a password-protected location on your computer, there is no choice or moral decision involved. The action needed is very clear cut. Secondly, in order to be an ethical dilemma, the two available options must be in direct conflict or contradiction to one another, such that choosing one would result in the violation of the other. Human and social service professionals confront ethical dilemmas regularly. In these situations, professionals must think critically and consult with colleagues and ethical codes in order to minimize ethical impact.

In the media entitled Is It an Ethical Dilemma? in this week’s Learning Resources, there are two human and social services professionals discussing professional issues they are each having. Listen to each and consider which one represents an ethical dilemma. After you are finished, return to this page to begin your Discussion.

For this Discussion, you analyze an ethical dilemma that you have experienced in your own professional workplace or community work (not your personal or family life). You also use information from this week’s Learning Resources and from your own research to determine whether the ethical dilemma should have been handled differently.

To Prepare:

• Using the Walden Library or professional resources on the Internet, research and select a journal article, professional newsletter, or other professional publication that outlines an ethical dilemma in a human or social services agency environment. Consider how the dilemma was solved. Did the parties involved apply codes of ethics or ethical decision-making models?
• Select an ethical dilemma from your own professional experience (or community work) and reflect on how you managed the situation. Then consider how you might apply any information or techniques from the article you analyzed to your own past ethical dilemma.

By Day 3

Post a description of an ethical dilemma that you experienced in your professional workplace or in your community work (not your personal or family life). Explain how you managed the situation and why. Next, using information from the article you found in your research, explain whether you would now manage the situation you experienced differently and why.

I am a case manager so please relate the dilemma to something dealing with that of a social worker or mental heath professional.

The purpose of this assignment is to create an educational program that supports the implementation of risk management strategies in a health care organization.

In this assignment, you will develop an outline for an “in‐service”‐style educational risk management program for employees of a particular health care organization that will then form the basis for a PowerPoint presentation in Topic 5. Select your topic for this educational session from one of the proposed recommendations or changes you suggested in the Risk Management Program Analysis – Part One assignment to enhance, improve, or secure compliance standards in your chosen risk management plan example.

Create a 500‐750-word comprehensive outline that communicates the following about your chosen topic:

1. Introduction: Identify the risk management topic you have chosen to address and why it is important within your health care sector.
2. Rationale: Illustrate how this risk management strategy is lacking within your selected organization’s current risk management plan and explain how its implementation will better meet local, state, and federal compliance standards.
3. Support: Provide data that indicate the need for this proposed risk management initiative and demonstrate how it falls under the organization’s legal responsibility to provide a safe health care facility and work environment.
4. Implementation: Describe the steps to implement the proposed strategy in your selected health care organization.
5. Challenges: Predict obstacles the health care organization may face in executing this risk management strategy and propose solutions to navigate or preempt these potentially difficult outcomes.
6. Evaluation: Outline your plan to evaluate the success of the proposed risk management program and how well it meets the organization’s short-term, long-term, and end goals.
7. Opportunities: Recommend additional risk management improvements in adjacent areas of influence that the organization could or should address moving forward.