Pick one of the following terms for your research: coercive forces, institutional environment, interorganizational relationships, joint venture, legitimacy, niche, organizational ecosystem, retention, strategic alliance, or trade association. 

Within each module, there is a list of key terms. Each student will select one of the key terms and conduct a search of Campbellsville University’s online Library resources to find 1 recent peer reviewed article (within the past 3 years) that closely relate to the concept. Your submission must include the following information in the following format: 

DEFINITION: a brief definition of the key term followed by the APA reference for the term; this does not count in the word requirement.

SUMMARY: Summarize the article in your own words- this should be in the 150-200-word range. Be sure to note the article’s author, note their credentials and why we should put any weight behind his/her opinions, research or findings regarding the key term. 

DISCUSSION: Using 300-350 words, write a brief discussion, in your own words of how the article relates to the selected chapter Key Term. A discussion is not rehashing what was already stated in the article, but the opportunity for you to add value by sharing your experiences, thoughts and opinions. This is the most important part of the assignment. 

REFERENCES: All references must be listed at the bottom of the submission–in APA format. (continued) Be sure to use the headers in your submission to ensure that all aspects of the assignment are completed as required. Any form of plagiarism, including cutting and pasting, will result in zero points for the entire assignment. 

 Reply 1

“Name two different methods for evaluating evidence. Compare and contrast these two methods”

When researching there is a common course from the time of research to evaluating the results of the research. Two different types of data analysis within the statistical realm are Inferential and descriptive statistics. Both are a way to interpret scientific evidence, but have differing methods of reporting the evidence.

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics allows the researcher to take a sample group and graph the data to understand that specific set of observations from only the information they have witnessed to describe the results (Frost, 2021). This type of research analysis allows one to achieve more insight and visualization of the results of only what has been studied or seen, instead of assuming information about a larger population (Frost, 2021).

Inferential Statistics

Inferential statistics uses data from a small sample and makes inferences from them, applying the results to a larger population; due to this results must be extremely accurate (Frost, 2021). With this type of sampling there is a margin for error because if the sample does not accurately reflect the population being researched it will skew the results (Frost, 2021).

While both types of research data analyze research results, descriptive statistics will be more accurate since it is only reporting data true to its research and sample size, and nothing outside of that. On the other hand, inferential statistics applies results from a smaller sample size to a bigger population, which may produce variations in results.

Reference

Frost, J. (2021). Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics [Webpage]. Statistics by Jim. Retrieved June 2, 2021, from https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/descriptive-inferential-statistics/

Reply 2

 , 2021 07:07 PM0 Like Robert Sapio 3 postsRe: Topic 3 DQ 2

There are several methods of evaluating evidence methods, but the two most common methods of evaluating evidence are Meta-Analyses and Systematic Review. A systematic review are literature reviews that summarize evidence by identifying, selecting, assessing, and synthesizing the findings of similar but separate studies (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [AHRQ], 2018). Meta-analysis is the combined form of many data from different studies. The systemic review is a meticulous type of research whereas the meta-analysis is a statistical process which combines studies results and test the hypotheses. The systemic review is also known as secondary research and meta-analyses is the process of systemic research. A systematic review summarizes the results of available carefully designed healthcare studies (controlled trials) and provides a high level of evidence on the effectiveness of healthcare interventions” (Cochrane Consumer Network, n.d.,). This type of review is regarded as the best research evidence (Helbig, J. 2018).

The critical appraisal is used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the article selected for the literature review. When evidence is gathered, the researcher performs a critical appraisal of the “study to ensure its credibility and clinical significance. It is important to determine not only what was done, but how well it was done” (Connor, 2014).

Both the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses are considered the highest quality of evidence for clinical decision making and can be used above all the other methods of evaluating evidence. Both methods for evaluating evidence are similar because they involve the collection of data from different sources and summarizing all the evidence and results of the studies.

While systematic review collects and summarizes all the empirical evidence, the meta-analysis uses statistical methods to summarize the results of the studies. Meta-analysis is a statistical method used to combine the numerical results from such studies if it is possible to do. On the other hand, systematic review is a formal, systematic, and structured approach to review all the relevant literature on a topic. The other difference is, the rationale for Meta-analysis is that through the combination of samples from different studies the overall sample size is increased, while the rationale for systematic reviews is that when data is combined from different sources a greater reliability would be gained.

When performing a systematic literature review or meta-analysis, and the quality of studies is not rigorously evaluated or if proper methodology is not strictly applied, the results can be biased, and the outcomes can be incorrect. However, when systematic reviews and meta-analyses are properly implemented, they can yield powerful results.

References.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2018). National guideline clearinghouse: Fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/factsheets/errors-safety/ngc/national-guideline-clearinghouse.html

Cochrane Consumer Network. (n.d.). What is a systematic review? Retrieved from http://consumers.cochrane.org/what-systematic-review

Connor, B. T., (2014). Differentiating research, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement. Retrieved from https://www.americannursetoday.com/differentiating-research-evidence-based-practice-and-quality-improvement/

Helbig, J. (2018) Nursing Research: Understanding Research for Best Practice. History and Process of Nursing Research, Evidence-Based Nursing Practice, and Quantitative and Qualitative Research Process. Retrieved from: https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/1

Q1.  Check out this website called  The 25 Best Data Visualizations of 2019. Select one data visualization            example that appeals to you the most. Using your own words, answer the following questions:

• Why do you think it was identified as one of the 25 best?
• How many dimensions of information were captured?
• Do you find the data useful?
• What do you like most about it?
• What do you like least?

response should be 250-300 words.

There must be at least one APA formatted reference (and APA in-text citation) to support the thoughts in the post.  Do not use direct quotes, rather rephrase the author’s words and continue to use in-text citations

Q2. What are the privacy issues with data mining? Do you think they are substantiated?

response should be 250-300 words

There must be at least one APA formatted reference (and APA in-text citation) to support the thoughts in the post.  Do not use direct quotes, rather rephrase the author’s words and continue to use in-text citations.

Q3.Complete the following assignment in one MS word document.

When submitting work, be sure to include an APA cover page and include at least two APA formatted references (and APA in-text citations) to support the work this week.

All work must be original (not copied from any source).

 1.How do you describe the importance of data in analyt- ics? Can we think of analytics without data? Explain.(150 to 200words)

2.Considering the new and broad definition of business
analytics, what are the main inputs and outputs to the
analytics continuum?(150 to 200words)

3.Where do the data for business analytics come from?
What are the sources and the nature of those incoming
data?(150 to 200words)

4.What are the most common metrics that make for
analytics-ready data?(150 to 200words)

5.Go to data.gov—a U.S. government–sponsored data portal that has a very large number of data sets on a wide variety of topics ranging from healthcare to edu- cation, climate to public safety. Pick a topic that you are most passionate about. Go through the topic-specific information and explanation provided on the site. Explore the possibilities of downloading the data, and use your favorite data visualization tool to create your own meaningful information and visualizations.( 200-250 words)

6.Define data mining. Why are there many names and definitions for data mining?(150 to 200words)

7.What are the main reasons for the recent popularity of data mining?(150 to 200words)

8.Discuss what an organization should consider before making a decision to purchase data mining software.(150 to 200words)

9.Distinguish data mining from other analytical tools and
techniques.(150 to 200words)

10.Discuss the main data mining methods. What are the
fundamental differences among them?(150 to 200words)

11. Visit teradatauniversitynetwork.com. Identify case studies and white papers about data mining. Describe recent developments in the field of data mining and predictive modeling.(250to 300words)

Q4. analyze the history of the Caesar Cypher and its impact on cryptography.  Feel free to also include the impact of items such as the Scytale and the Polybius square.  All of these were used long before computers.You must use at least one scholarly resource.  Every discussion posting must be properly APA formatted.(250 -300WORDS)

  

It should be focused on Tesla (7-page answer)

Reference:

Tata Motors and Tesla are two of a large number of firms that have taken steps to flatten their hierarchical structures. Tata, an India-based automaker, cut half of the levels in the organization, going from 12 to 6 levels of management, after the firm hired a consultant to help improve its structure. Similarly, Tesla announced in 2018 that it would flatten its structure “to improve communication.” These firms are not alone in their drive to cut out layers of management. One survey concluded that 93 percent of polled firms indicated they intended to flatten their organization in the near future.

Proponents of flat leadership structures argue they offer cost, flexibility, and creativity benefits. First, flatter organizational structures are designed to be more responsive and faster acting. By cutting out layers of management that analyze and approve initiatives developed by lower level employees and teams, the firm empowers these teams to act quickly. Second, flatter organizations allow workers and teams to have autonomy, a desirable attribute for younger employees. Third, by cutting out layers of management, the firm reduces the cost of a large administrative task. Fourth, feedback loops through the organizational structure are quicker and shorter. Top level managers are closer to line employees and the market, allowing them to have better insight into the dynamics within the firm and the market.

However, critics have argued that flattening organizations face unintended negative consequences. First, management attention becomes stretched. With the expanding scope of their responsibilities, the remaining managers find that the bulk of their time is spent on communication. A number of studies have found that managers in flat organizations spent 80 to 90 percent of their day communicating, leaving little time for other tasks. This can lead to “interaction fatigue” on the part of managers. Second, middle-level managers often serve as critical negotiators between different units in the firm and between front-line employees and top managers. In cutting these managers, some firms have found that frictions between units have increased. Third, the removal of middle manager positions can be demotivating for some employees since there are reduced opportunities for advancement into the ranks of management. Echoing these concerns, Harvard researchers Thomas DeLong and Vineeta Vijayaraghavan argue that long serving middle managers are a competent and steadying influence in the firm. They are experts at how the firm operates and can insulate the firm from impulsive decisions that come from either the top or the bottom.

These conflicting perspectives suggest that organizations seeking to flatten their structures need to be aware of both the potential costs and benefits of the action. But the ultimate value of the action appears uncertain.

Questions:

Strategy Formulation and Implementation

In lieu of the current discussion questions at the end of the “Issue for Debate” on page 323 regarding Tata Motors and Tesla students will develop a strategic plan with recommendations for future implementation. For this assignment, students will walk through the strategic management process. The strategic management process enables organizations to achieve objectives through three stages: strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. Your strategic plan/recommendations should aim to innovate. Throughout the development of your strategic plan consider your organization’s responsibility in the greater social good from a Christian perspective and how your plan address ethics, social responsibility and sustainability. Imagine you need to present your initial pitch for your Strategic Initiative Plan to Tesla.

Develop a 7 page paper that outlines your strategic plan and recommendations for “TESLA”.

1. In your presentation, address the following: Provide the vision, mission, and core values of the organization.

2. Complete a SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analysis.

3. What is your competitive advantage?

4. Moving forward what specific recommendations would you suggest for Tesla to implement?

5. How will these efforts be evaluated?

6. Is Tesla trying to build an ambidextrous organization? Should it be doing so? If yes, what actions can it take to build an ambidextrous firm?

7. How would you evaluate those actions?

Provide 5-7 sources in your paper in addition to your textbook.