PICO and Literature Search

Remember we only need PICO for this class

Purpose: PICO questions are used by practicing nurses and researchers to focus research questions and develop an efficient literature search strategy.  It is essential that future nurses learn how to do this to develop evidenced-based solutions to patient care problems in a healthcare organization. 

Assessment:  This assignment is worth 68 points.  It is graded according to the embedded rubric in this submission folder. 

Instructions:

1. Write a PICO question based on a scenario you choose from the list of scenarios attached below.  Use the templates in the EBP Step by Step 3 article to help create your questions. You may need to do a pre-search to finding an intervention (the “I”) that has been studied and published to solve the problem.

2. Identify the PICO elements for each question. 

3. Develop a search strategy using at least 3 keywords from the P, I, and O parts of your PICO, 1 synonym for one of the keywords, and 1 MeSH term for one of your keywords. 

4. Locate 4 articles that help answer your PICO question.  The articles must meet the following requirements: 

o must be primary source quantitative research articles.  

o No article can be published prior to 2016. 

5. Obtain pdfs of the four articles you selected and attach it for submission.  They must show the full text of the entire article.

6. On a Word document, include your scenario; write your PICO question as a sentence; identify the P, I, C, and O for each question; and list the search terms (3 keywords, 1 synonym, 1 MeSH term) for each. You may use the template attached here. See also the link to the MeSH terms website below.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/

7. Provide a properly formatted APA reference page for your selected articles from Step 4 of these instructions. 

Module 05 Content

1. QB Cloud has become quite successful over the past months, so you’ve decided to hire two part-time employees to assist you with sales and office duties. In researching your computerized accounting program, you’ve found that it doesn’t include the options to perform payroll calculations and print paychecks. To computerize the payroll calculations and assist you in drafting the journal entries, you decide to use Microsoft Excel for the necessary payroll functions.
   Complete the following using the Module 05 Payroll Transactions template 
   1. Calculate payroll for Karen Rodriguez and Adam Seyd for the June 14th and June 28th payrolls. These employees are paid bi-weekly, meaning every other week.
   2. Journalize the transactions necessary to record the payroll.
   • Address the following questions:
   • What is the total cost to the company of having these two employees for the month of June?
   • What additional costs would be associated with adding one more employee for 10 hours per week at $15 per hour? Would it be more beneficial to add an additional part time employee or distribute the additional hours needed to the current part time employees? Explain.
   • Module 05 Payroll Transactions template

     The following information will be necessary in your calculations:
     Employee Information:

   • Karen Rodriguez $18/hour hourly rate
   • June 14 24 hours worked
   • June 28 22 hours worked
   • Adam Seyd $16/hour hourly rate
   • June 14 15 hours worked
   • June 28 20 hours worked
   • Additional Tax and Withholding Information:
   • Employee Responsibility
   • Federal Income Tax: 10% of gross pay
   • State Income Tax 5% of gross pay
   • FICA Tax 7.65% of gross pay
   • Employer Responsibility
   • FICA Tax 7.65% of gross pay
   • State Unemployment none 2% of gross pay
   • Federal Unemployment 0.8% of gross pay

The purpose of this assignment is to analyze statistical tests and interpret the results. 

Review the “Health Care Research, Analysis, and Utilization Scenarios” document and select either the Hospital or Home Care scenario to utilize in the assignment. Additionally, review the “Health Care Research Statistical Data Set” attachment provided and address the following questions.  

Complete a 500-750 word written analysis of the statistical data that addresses the following questions:

1. Review the case study scenario selected and analyze the data set results by providing your interpretation of the research data presented.
2. Demonstrate data literacy by providing a rationale for the indicated statistical tests that best applies to the data set provided.
3. Discuss what the accepted confidence intervals are in health care research, why they are useful, and why it is important to organize, prioritize, and report statistical results.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Benchmark Information

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:

MS Health Care Administration

4.3: Demonstrate data literacy through organizing, prioritizing, and reporting statistical data.

 PLEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS BELOW

4 REFERENCES NOT MORE THAN 5 YEARS

ZERO PLAGIARISM

In your role as a PMHNP, you will encounter several situations that will require your ability to make sound judgments and practice decisions for the safety and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. There may not be a clear-cut answer of how to address the issue, but your ethical decision making must be based on evidenced-based practice and what is good, right, and beneficial for patients. You will encounter patients who do not hold your values, but you must remain professional and unbiased in the care you provide to all patients regardless of their socio-demographic and ethnic/racial background. You must be prepared to critically analyze ethical situations and develop an appropriate plan of action. For this Assignment, you review the literature and discover the various ethical dilemmas PMHNPs encounter and how these issues are typically addressed in your state.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze salient ethical issues in psychiatric mental health practice
• Compare ethical dilemmas with state health laws and regulations
• Analyze ethical decision-making processes

To prepare:

• Review literature for moral/ethical issues encountered by a PMHNP.
• Select one of the articles you found that was published within the last 5 years to use as a focus for this assignment.

Write a 3-page paper in which you do the following:

• Summarize the moral/ethical issue in the article (no more than 1 paragraph).
• Describe the moral and ethical dilemmas surrounding the issue.
• Analyze the ethical issue and compare them to the state health laws and regulations in your state.
• Outline the process of ethical decision making you would use to address this ethical dilemma.

 A) The poster part of the project should include, at a minimum, the following information (5 points per section): • Introduction and general characteristics of the disease (take-home message). • Special susceptibility to suffer this cancer (i.e., white skin for melanoma, immunocompromised (HIV) for Kaposi sarcoma, etc.) Carcinogens involved? Chemical? Physical? Biological? Explain the mechanism in detail. Does this cancer have a hereditary component? If so, explain. • General characteristics of the tumor (where it originates, driver genes, subtypes, etc) • The signs and symptoms of the disease. Disease progression. Preferred sites of metastasis. What organ system(s) do metastasis affect? • Tests used to monitor the population as a preventive measure. Laboratory tests used to absolutely confirm the identity of the disease, i.e. biopsy with immunohistochemistry. Be specific for this cancer! • Methods used to reduce the incidence of the cancer (ie. Prevent second hand smoking, ban tobacco ads, etc.). • Treatment for the disease (talk about how it works and side effects). Life expectancy in 5 or 10 years after diagnosis with/without treatment. Is there a novel treatment available? If so, discuss the treatment, side effects etc. If no novel treatment is available, why not? Is work being done to develop one? • Current cases locally (San Diego/California/US when available) and globally (with incidence) B) Be VERY careful when referencing online sites. Each underscore, period, or capital letter must be exact, or we will not be able to find the site. Always check your references before reporting them by using the OPEN feature on your browser. If your reference will not open, it will not be counted toward your grade. It is important that the above information be complete, and that it be presented in a logical and orderly manner. If you don’t it will be obvious, and you will end up losing points (quality and effective communication: 10 of the 80 points). I do look at all of the posters in great detail. Your poster must be presented on a large, tri-fold, standing poster board.  When selecting online references remember that not all information on the Internet is reliable. Always try to use journal articles or governmental documents as the “authority,” and not rely on commercial sites (.com). Wikipedia, WebMD, Healthline, Mayo Clinic are NOT an acceptable references. Two references with the same URL except for the last part will be considered the same reference, like different pages in a book. Include all sources used; reference books and periodicals by a standard format. Be sure that you reference all photos/charts that you use on or below the item on the poster. A minimum of five reliable, scientific references (books, publications or Internet) plus any other references used. (10 of the 80 points) To report your sources, prepare a bibliography at the end of your poster presentation and number all references used. Then in the body of your poster, provide the number of the reference you used for information. This is called end notes, which you have probably used for other research papers. As with any report, be sure that you are not directly copying or simply paraphrasing material that you use. If you choose to use direct quotes from the article, you must use quotation marks. I will be checking the references, so be sure NOT to plagiarize! Any phrase longer than 5-6 words in length taken from the source, which is then copied and pasted in the presentation might be considered plagiarism. A one-page handout (brochure) that would be suitable to explain the critical aspects of the disease to the general public (15 points). Example of brochures are available at the bottom of this document. This brochure should include useful information starting with a brief introduction about the cancer and the organ affected, risk factors, information or aid for the identification of that tumor (need to know…), preventive tests you can take if you are at high risk, what if you are diagnosed with this cancer (tests to confirm diagnosis, treatment, …), etc. AIM: Try to think on a person that might have just discovered an abnormal growth on any site of his/her body. This person has zero knowledge about cancer or biology of cancer but he/she will need useful information about that cancer, diagnostics, what to do if the symptoms match with the description and what if he/she is finally diagnosed with cancer. THE POSTER PRESENTATION WILL TAKE PLACE AT THE END APRIL/ BEGINNING OF MAY (Please, get it done ASAP since you will be pretty busy at that point with other exams/finals). Specific dates will be announced after spring break. Late projects will not be accepted. You must be able to explain the poster in detail to other students (including non-Biol316 students, since posters will be displayed to the general public). There are five required parts of an Internet reference in order to receive full credit: • the author of the article, if available. • title of the article • the date written/updated • Internet address (URL). For example, https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/index.htm is the URL or reference for this page, which should show in your browser heading. An easy way to get this reference is to copy it from your browser and paste into your word processing program, so typos will not be made. • the date you visited the site.