( Please respond to the Discussion post ) 

Newborn Screening and Public Health Transformation

Mandatory newborn screening in America has rapidly transformed public health and healthcare through the timeliness of test results.  The newborn screening is typically done 24-48 hours after the baby is born.  The screening is done through a blood test.  The results for those tests take between five and ten days to come back.  Getting the results in an adequate amount of time is vital for improving the overall quality of health of newborns, (Cellucci, 2019).  Faster results mean that physicians can provide treatment for conditions and can start to monitor the baby’s health. One challenge that public health practitioners face is the false-positive test results, (Lipstein, Perrin, Waisbren, & Prosser, 2009).  This is when test results reflect the newborn being positive for a condition but the newborn is negative.  This results in delayed accurate results, frustrated and confused parents, and delayed treatment for any true-positive results. False-positives can occur from infants having a lower or a higher level than the expected range.  Sometimes this happens if the infant has not eaten enough before the screening or if the specimen was exposed to heat. Public Health departments all over the U.S. are urging laboratories to improve testing and creating new/updated technology, (AACC, 2020). 

Inappropriate Use of Prescription Drugs and Public Health Impact

Inappropriate use of prescription drugs is very challenging for public health because of a drug overdose and addiction. Sometimes prescription drugs are illegally sold, given to family and/or friends, or even being used when symptoms have subsided. These instances are considered to be inappropriate use of prescription medication.  This can lead to drug addictions, allergic reactions, or dangerous interactions with other medications that are also being used at the same time. All of these possibilities can be detrimental to the health of those inappropriately using the medication.  One important public health response is prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs).  These programs are aimed to protect patients at risk for substance abuse by monitoring and keeping track of controlled substance prescriptions in certain states, (CDC, 2020).  The programs are not established in every state, therefore, extending PDMPs throughout the entire U.S. would be very beneficial.  This way, pharmacies and healthcare providers will have a better understanding of how to treat patients.   

My Role as a Public Health Professional

I can personally exercise critical thinking in my future career as a public health professional.  Since my future career will involve certain aspects of sexual health, I will find ways to encourage and implement STD/STI prevention for vulnerable and at-risk communities. For my specific future public health career, the science elements that important to understand would be the structure, function, and growth of STD/STI bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal agents.

 Discussion 5.1by Sriyutha Tirumala – Friday, 21 September 2018, 12:43 AM 

Relationship-based Power:

The most surely understood stay, “Trevor Noah” is accepted to be the individual in media who is unmistakable in keeping in the mind a definitive goal to utilize his essentialness and along these lines show to the social affair of observer’s news by mediating changed occasions and remarks of the political people by criticizing them. Beginning late in the news, he utilized the Trump remark and snickered at him (Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 2012).

Position based Power:

Donald Trump, being the President of the USA gives huge power, gives appropriate control over different things and the power with master and a specific extreme target to control a noteworthy measure of exercises and dealings around the nation and the world. All nations have their pioneers keeping in mind the end goal to welcome this power and master of position as needs be Trump’s, which he has been utilizing it well further strengthening his good fortunes and what’s progressively the upside of the nation in couple of conditions like trying to arrive more positions for the near to Americans by strict visa limitations and development laws (Aron, Leon, 2009).

Sources of Power:

Having vitality and the use of quality are two particular things. It resembles, Owner who has the ability to remunerate or rebuff laborers. Thus, here we can think what the genuine wellsprings of one’s are vitality to charge others. There are unmistakable sorts of wellsprings of power, they are true blue, compensate, coercive, master, data, and referent power.

Legitimate Power:

This sort of power originates from the individual’s capacity or part. Others concur with the solicitations these people make because of the reality they acknowledge the authenticity of the position, regardless of whether they like or concur with the demand or not. We can take Steve Jobs for instance. He should set due dates and workers agree regardless of whether they accept the end dates were excessively yearning. The wellsprings of profundity trade amongst every single individual in an alliance by methods for thinking about remarkable parts (Aron, et al., 2009).

Reward Power:

Reward control rises up out of the limit of a man to affect the segment of inspirations in an affiliation. These inspirations join pay builds, positive assessments, and progressions. Reward control, if used well, fundamentally moves laborers. In any case, if it’s associated with prejudice, remunerate power can unfathomably cripple specialists and abatement their yield (Brzezinski, et al., 2012).

Read and respond to the above post. Write a 200 words response using APA format.

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, review your textbook chapters and other required readings for this week: Implementing value-based payment reform: A conceptual framework and case examples, The Future of Capitation: The Physician Role in Managing Change in Practice (Links to an external site.), How to pay for health care: Bundled payments will finally unleash the competition that patients want, and The 8 Basic Payment Methods in Health Care. Be sure to also read the Insurance Model Quiz Show from your textbook in the Summary and Resources section.

There are four specific reimbursement methods in our health care system. For this discussion, you will write your initial post on one of the four methods as assigned (see the table below). Address the following in your initial post:

Explain why your method of reimbursement is the best method for the U.S. health care system.
Identify how this reimbursement model has evolved.
Determine how this reimbursement model has positively influenced cost, quality, and access of care.
Your original post should be at least 250 words using at least two scholarly sources supporting your viewpoint. For assistance, review the Understanding Insurance Models (Links to an external site.) game in the Chapter 3 Summary section of your textbook.

Reimbursement Method Last Name
Fee-for-service Student last name begins with A, E, H, O, V, Y
Capitation Student last name begins with B, I, L, N, P, W, Z
Pay-for-Performance Student last name begins with C, G, J, M, Q, S,
Value-Based Student last name begins with D, F, K, R, T, U, X
Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your classmates who have argued for two of the other methods. In your responses,

Debate with your peer why your method would benefit more in helping to control health care costs in the United States.
Rationalize, based on the pros and cons of your assigned method, why it is more beneficial than your peers’. Be sure to address its influence on cost, quality, and access to care.
Note: Your rebuttals should be at least 150 words.

 Answer Each Part thoroughly with at least 400 words . 

Part A

A patient is diagnosed with inoperable cancer and recommended to receive treatment of a drug that reduces the rate of cell division.

A. Why could reducing the rate of cell division be helpful in treating cancer?

B. How might this drug affect the patient’s white blood cell count?

C. How might the patient’s environment be altered to compensate for these changes in WBC counts?

Part B

For the Week 2 Critical Thinking Exercise, you will answer the following questions using your critical thinking and reasoning skills:

1. An 85-year-old white woman is hit by a car while crossing the street and suffers many serious injuries. She is suspected to be homeless, and the only belongings she has are empty liquor bottles. At the hospital, it is discovered that she is severely anemic. List all the factors you can think of that may contribute to her anemia.

2. In ventricular systole, the right ventricle is the first to expel blood, but the left ventricle is the first to begin contracting. Aside from the obvious fact that the pulmonary valve opens before the aortic valve, how can you explain this difference?

3. Explain how coagulation differs from agglutination.

Discussion: Social Change Through Legislation

The repercussions of addiction are among the most pressing health and social issues worldwide. Although billions of dollars are spent annually in the United States attacking the problem, public policies on funding have yet to be agreed upon and remain controversial. The controversy revolves around which public policies best deter addiction: those that criminalize acts associated with the disorder or those that treat the disorder (Doweiko, 2019).

Given the ever-changing nature of legislation, it is important to stay informed about the most current reforms and public policies that may promote social changes in addiction treatment.

For this Discussion, search the Internet and select current legislation as it relates to reform and social change for the treatment and prevention of addiction. Your search may include the following types of legislation.

· Legislation targeting the criminal aspects of drug abuse

· Legislation targeting prevention of drug abuse from an early age

· Legislation promoting harm-reduction efforts

· Legislation targeting treatment of substance abuse

Consider how federal and state legislation has addressed addiction treatment and prevention. Research, review, and reflect on your professional code of ethics and how social legislation impacts an addiction professional’s ability to adhere to the code.

By Day 4

Post a description of which type of legislation might be the most effective in bringing about lasting social change for the treatment and prevention of addiction and explain why. Explain how social change legislation might support or undermine the professional code of ethics. Finally, explain the potential implications for a helping professional. Support your response using the resources and the current literature.