This Assignment expands upon the work you have been conducting for this week’s Discussion. For this Assignment (which you will start this week, and submit by the end of Week 7), you will conduct a search for literature on your selected practice problem. A Literature Review Matrix template will be used to identify gaps in the literature.

To prepare:

• Consider the practice problem you addressed in this week’s Discussion. (You may select a new issue if necessary, but it is not recommended.)
• Review the guidelines in the Literature Review Matrix, included in the Learning Resources. Formulate a research question around your issue as indicated in Part I. Then complete Part II of the Matrix, identifying the resources you will use, search terms and criteria, and Boolean search strings.
• Using the Walden Library, locate 10 articles related to your research question. At least one article must be a systematic review. All of the articles should be primary sources. NOTE: If appropriate, you may use the four articles you reviewed for this week’s Discussion.

Here is the discussion from your support post:

How does the literature strengthen or weaken the merit of your selected theoretical framework and practice problem?

The practice issue put forward by the author is that of minimizing the rate of recidivism in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. This is a health condition which needs extensive comprehension. The academic framework recommended in the previous week’s discussion to give a discourse to this issue, was the Quality Health Outcomes Model (QHOM). This hypothesis advocates that there are links or connection between the client’s characteristics, the healthcare interventions, context or system, and the patient’s outcomes. These connections are explained as possessing a bidirectional impact, inferring that the involvements mutually influence and are influenced by the characteristics of the client and the context so as to fashion preferred results. The intervention being conversed in all four selected articles and from previous week’s discussion, is offering regular and steady nursing observation or examination to discover variations in victim status, and avert worsening. 

The article by Kelly and Vincent (2011) and Fasolino and Verdin (2015) back-up the practice problem and the theoretical framework mutually. The two articles mark out a direct link between regular and steady nursing observation and a reduction or minimization in failure to save endeavors and victim worsening in other terms victims outcomes, as well as a relationship between frequent/consistent nursing examination or observation and the discovery of symptoms of patient weakening, basically the characteristics of patient. The two articles support the recognition of pitiable nursing examination or observation as an issue in the nursing practice, by explaining the rising level of failure to save endeavors and decline in patient health status when nursing examination was not satisfactory. Moreover, Watkins et.al, (2016), gives credit to the quality health outcomes model by determining a direct link between steady nursing surveillance basically intervention and enhanced safety of patient and aversion of lacking to save situations primarily the patient outcomes, along with a link between amplified nursing examination or observation and patient significant symptoms in other terms the patient characteristics. The article also backs up the conceptualization of minimal nursing monitoring as a practice issue by conferring the severe medical ailments that were determined via the improved monitoring of patient versus ailments that would contribute to patient health condition worsening to incorporate the necessity to take a life saving action.

What levels of evidence are most prevalent in these articles?

The articles by Kelly and Vincent (2011) and Fasolino and Verdin (2015), are mutually logical or methodical reviews and hence are mutually considered to be level one, levels of substantiation. The article by Watkins’ (2016) is a potential experimental study, as it is the product of an exclusive qualitative examination. The common level of substantiation is the level 1 evidence, which was the outcome of the two initial articles, which were all logical. 

Why do you think that level of evidence is most prevalent?

I consider level 1 is the most common because of the kind of study that was applied. In the contemporary world, internet access has established a prospect to acquire info and data from a range of databases. This has assisted the investigator to obtain more info to back up their hypothesis. Therefore, the methodical review has emerged a prominent research technique to retrieve a large percentage of pertinent info. 

References

Fasolino, T., & Verdin, T. (2015). Nursing Surveillance and Physiological Signs of Deterioration. MEDSURG Nursing, 24(6), 397-402.

Kelly, L., & Vincent, D. (2011). The dimensions of nursing surveillance: A concept analysis. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 67(3), 652-661. doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2648.2010.05525.x

Sousa, K. H. (2016). Testing the Quality Health Outcomes Model Applied to Infection Prevention in Hospitals. Quality Management In Health Care, 25(3), 149-161. doi:10.1097/QMH.0000000000000102

Swan, B. A. (2018). Evidence-based nursing care guidelines: Medical-surgical interventions. (p. 7). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier

Tucker, S. (2017). The Role of Nursing Surveillance in Keeping Patients Safe. Journal Of Nursing Administration, 42(7/8), 361-368. doi:10.1097/NNA.0b013e3182619377

Watkins, T., Whisman, L., & Booker, P. (2016). Nursing assessment of continuous vital sign surveillance to improve patient safety on the medical/surgical unit. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 25(1-2), 278-281. doi:10.1111/jocn.13102

Attach is the matrix. This assignment is for completion of part 1 and part 2

You were invited to conduct an in-service on Managerial Epidemiology and Decision Making in Healthcare to newly hired employees. Please develop 3-5 minutes educational presentation offering the trainees insight on:

1. Why they need to know about Managerial Epidemiology (offer minimum one real-life example)

2. What type of data and studies they should be familiar with in order to be successful at their jobs (offer minimum one example of a study design and the data that will be collected; explain how this information is applicable to the managerial functions)

3. Create a short managerial issue case (for example, week 4 discussion activity: Your faculty (the hospital you work for  Board of Directors’ representative) is interested in developing a cardiac care unit. The Board believes offering specialized care for patient’s with cardiac diseases will meet an unmet need in the community but want to be sure they are making the right decision. You are directed to identify the current and future need for cardiac services based on the community population characteristics and current use of cardiac services at your hospital.) and explain how the trainees will develop good decisions to solve it:

-List all types of evidence they will need to collect, explain why;

-Name the epidemiological data, studies, and metrics the trainees will need to support the decision-making process, explain why. 

-Explain the decision-making process the trainees will need to apply to this case. 

4. List your own decisions and solutions for the case.

**The presentation format needs to be approved by the faculty in week 6. It can be anything from a video presentation with visual aids to a tri-fold using data visualization. If you use a power point, infographics or tri-fold as well as any other static formats, you must present them in a video.It CANNOT be a paper.  If you have unsolvable challenges with the video presentation, contact your faculty. Your presentation may happen in real time directly to the faculty who will record it using Zoom. 

Write half a page summary for each of the following attached articles. 

Make sure to include all the information listed below in the summary. 

1)The purpose / background of the research (Must have a couple sentences regarding background and specific purpose of the research)

2) The procedures /methods of the research (regarding who was in the study (numbers of subjects/participants not necessary), differences between groups if applicable, equipment used and overall procedures.)

3) The results / finding of the research (What were the differences between the groups? the findings of the study, comparison of groups if applicable (do not include statistics).)

Summary should not be copied from the article. You have to read and then paraphrase in your own words. You will need to use the technical words in the article, but just don’t repeat exactly what the author said. 

DO NOT INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: do not use ‘I”, do not use titles such as Dr., do not use personal pronouns such as he or she (just refer to the “researchers”),do not include the title of the paper in your summary, ONLY USE PAST TENSE, DO NOT direct quote, do not include yourself as the researcher, do not add to the research summary with your own personal stories (your job is to simply describe the research).

The active nature of perception refers to the ability to alter and use perception in an active, rather than static, way (Wolfe & Horowitz, 2004). The process of using different senses or behaviors to construct what is being perceived alters each person’s sense of perception in any environment (Zaporozhets, 2002). When different behaviors or senses are focused on it can change how any data that is being received is perceived.

Bottom-up versus top-down processing refers to the hierarchal system in which information is received and processed (Rauss & Pourtois, 2013). Specifically, bottom-up perception focuses on incoming stimuli and is data-focused, using the current incoming stimuli to drive the information processing (Cherry, 2020). Top-down perception considers data in reference to already known information and contextual evidence, therefore, perceiving this data based on historically collected information rather than real-time stimuli (Cherry, 2020). Put basically, bottom-up processing is based on hard data being received in real-time, whereas top-down processing allows your brain to fill in any blanks that aren’t immediately available based on information it has previously collected.

Impairment of bottom-up processing would include impairment of any primary sense, such as sense of sight or sense of hearing (Javitt, 2009). The result of impairment in one of these functions could be the inability to match tone or pick up on emotional auditory clues (Javitt, 2009). If there was impairment in top-down perception, this could result in the inability to process received data properly (Javitt, 2009). An example of this is prosopagnosia, which is a disorder that causes the patient to be unable to recognize familiar faces (Cherry, 2020). The patient would be able to see the faces (bottom-up), however unable to relate that information to stored data, which would acknowledge them to be familiar (top-down) (Cherry, 2020).

Reference:

Cherry, K. (2020). The Bottom-Up Processing View of Perception. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/bottom-up-processing-and-perception-4584296.

Javitt D. C. (2009). When doors of perception close: bottom-up models of disrupted cognition in schizophrenia. Annual review of clinical psychology, 5, 249–275. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153502

Rauss,K. & Pourtois, G. (2013). What is bottom-up and what is top-down in predictive coding? Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00276

Zaporozhets, A. V. (2002). On the Active Nature of the Visual Perception of an Object. Journal of Russian & East European Psychology, 40(3), 13. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.2753/RPO1061-0405400313

Learning Resources

Required Resources

• Course Text: Diversity in Early Care and Education
  • Review Chapter 1, “Perceiving and Responding to Differences”
  • Chapter 2, “Communicating across Cultures”
  • Chapter 3, “Working with Diversity Issues”
• Course Text: How Culture Shapes Social-Emotional Development
  • Review the bullet points on pp. 5–6
  • Read pp. 16–24, “The Process of Cultural Reciprocity” and “Conclusion”
• Article: Bruno, H. E. (2003). Hearing parents in every language: An invitation to ECE professionals . Child Care Information Exchange, 153, 58–60.
  Used by permission.

Optional Resources

• Book: Barrera, I., Corso, R. M., & Macpherson, D. (2003). Skilled dialogue: Strategies for responding to cultural diversity in early childhood. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

Application: Applying Knowledge of Culture and Family-Centered Care to Practice in Infant/Toddler Programs

In this course, you have learned a great deal about the often abstract and complex subject of culture and how it can influence behaviors, interactions, and communication in infant/toddler programs. Imagine that you now have an opportunity to share what you have learned in this course about culture and family centered care and education with other infant/toddler professionals. What information would be most valuable for professionals who will be working with infants/toddlers and their families?

In preparation for this assignment, consider the key insights you have had or the most important ideas you have encountered in this course. The following is one example: It is important for infant/toddler professionals to learn directly from families rather than make assumptions about their values and beliefs based on cultural stereotypes. You may wish to consult the Learning Resources and the assignments you for each week to guide your thinking.

For this Application Assignment, describe 10 key insights or major ideas from this course that you would most like to share with infant/toddler professionals to help them build culturally responsive relationships and environments. For each key insight or major idea, include the following:

• Explain why it is significant to a professional’s work with infants/toddlers and families and may help build culturally responsive relationships and environments.
• Provide one or more specific examples from the Learning Resources and assignments to illustrate how the key insight or major idea could be put into practice in an infant/toddler program. Be sure to cite your sources.

Assignment length: 2 pages